Transcript The Cell

What organelles are inside…
The
Eukaryotic
Cell?
1
Plasma Membrane
2
Structure:
• Made of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails
and hydrophilic heads
Functions:
• Boundary between the cell and the environment
• “Gatekeeper” of the cell
• Maintains different conditions inside and outside of
the cell
• Allows materials to enter and exit
• Gives the cell its shape and flexibility
Hydrophilic
Head
Hydrophobic
Tail
Protein
The Eukaryotic Cell
4
Nucleus
5
Structure:
• Surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane with
nuclear pores
Function:
• Control center of the cell
• Contains genetic material called chromatin
• Chromatin= DNA + protein mixture
The Eukaryotic Cell
7
Nucleolus
8
Structure:
• Spherical structure inside the nucleus
Function:
• Manufactures ribosomes
The Eukaryotic Cell
10
Cytoplasm
11
Structure:
• “Fluid” inside the plasma membrane
Function:
• Site of many chemical reactions
• Provides shock absorber for the cell
The Eukaryotic Cell
13
Endoplasmic Reticulum
14
Structure:
• Extensive system of internal membranes connected
to the nuclear membrane
• “Rough” - contain ribosomes and manufactures
proteins
• “Smooth” – involved in lipid synthesis and
transport
Function:
• “Subway” system of the cell
• Moves materials through the cell
The Eukaryotic Cell
16
Ribosomes
17
Structure:
• Found on the “Rough ER” and also free in the
cytoplasm
• Made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Function:
• Site where enzymes and proteins are assembled
The Eukaryotic Cell
19
C
C
Golgi Apparatus
20
Structure:
• Series of stacked, flattened membrane sacs
Function:
• Receives proteins from the ER (packaged in vesicles)
then packages, processes, and distributes them to the
rest of the cell
• The “post office” of the cell
The Eukaryotic Cell
22
C
C
Vacuole
23
Structure:
• Hollow, membrane-bound vessel
Function:
• Temporary storage for water, food, enzymes, waste,
and other materials
The Eukaryotic Cell
25
Lysosomes
26
Structure:
• Membrane-bound vessel
Function:
• Contain digestive enzymes to digest and recycle
used cell parts
• Breakdown protein, nucleic acids, lipids and
carbohydrates
• “Recycling center” of the cell
The Eukaryotic Cell
28
Mitochondria
29
Structure:
• Oval shaped with folded internal membrane called
cristae (increases surface area)
Function:
• Break down food molecules into energy for use by
the body
• “Power house” of the cell
The Eukaryotic Cell
31
Centrioles
32
Structure:
• Pair of gear-like cylinders made of microtubules
Function:
• Organizes microtubules and spindle fibers of
cytoskeleton
• Assists with cell division
The Eukaryotic Cell
34
Cytoskeleton
35
Structure:
• Made of microtubules and microfilaments
Function:
• Thin protein-fiber “scaffold” that anchors and
supports the organelles
• Gives cells their shape
The Eukaryotic Cell
37