Transcript The Cell

The Cell
Structure and Function
Recall the Cell Theory
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1. The cell is the basic unit of life
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2. All living things are composed of one or
more cells
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3. All cells come from other cells
Types of Cells
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Prokaryotes
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Have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Ex: Bacteria
Eukaryotes
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Have membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
Ex: Cheek Cell (Human), Plant cell
Types of Living Things
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Unicellular
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Composed of only one cell
Multicellular
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Composed of many cells
Basic Structures
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Animal
 Nucleus
 Nucleolus
 Cell Membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Vacuole
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Plant
 Nucleus
 Nucleolus
 Cell Membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Large Vacuole*
 Cell Wall*
 Chloroplast*
SpecializedStructures
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Ribosome
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)#
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Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Body#
 Mitochondria#
#Membrane Bound
Organelles
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Lysosome#
Cytoskeleton
Centriole
Cilia
Flagella
Ribosome
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Function: Build protein using mRNA and
amino acids (on tRNA)
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Some ribosomes float freely in the
cytoplasm
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Some ribosomes are attached to the
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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are two types of ER:
 Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(RER)
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(SER)
RER
 Ribosomes
are attached to it, giving it
a rough appearance
 Transports proteins made by the
ribosomes on surface to other places
(especially Golgi body)
 Helps produce cell membranes
SER
 Smooth
appearance because there
are no ribosomes attached to it
 Has enzymes that break down toxins
(like alcohol)
 Helps produce lipids
Golgi Body (or Golgi Apparatus)
 Vesicles
from the RER bring
proteins here
 Processes, sorts and sends
proteins to their proper
destinations in & outside of the
cell (FedEx of the cell)
Mitochondria
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Breaks down organic molecules (glucose) to
make ATP for energy (Cellular Respiration!)
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) : an energy-storing
molecule (gasoline for the cell); your cells break it
down quickly to release needed energy
There are a lot of mitochondria in the muscles
and heart because they need lots of energy
Lysosomes
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Membrane-bound organelle
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Contains digestive enzymes that break
down food and old parts of the cell
Cytoskeleton
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Long, thin structure in the cytoplasm
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Gives shape and structure to the cell
Centriole
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Only present when the cell is dividing
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Play an important role in cell reproduction
Cilia
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Enable unicellular organisms to move
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Flagella
Cilia is hairlike, flagella is like a tail
In multicellular organisms:
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Cilia found in the windpipe move mucus out of
the lungs
Flagella help sperm move
Make sure you know function of
the following structures:
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Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Large Central Vacuole
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Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic
reticulum (RER)
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Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (SER)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Cilia
Flagella
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Study Resources:
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www.cellsalive.com
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Interactive organelle review!
Take a quiz and get your score!
http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/
biological_sciences/lab3/biolab3_2.html
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View pictures of cells under a microscope!