Transcript Job - Cloudfront.net

Three Sections of the Cell
• All cells take in food, rid
waste, reproduce
• 3 main sections
– 1) Nucleus
– 2) Cytoplasm
– 3) Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like material inside of the cell
• Most organelles float within
• Job: Allow chemical reactions to take place
• Aka: Cell Membrane
• Job: Allow materials to
enter/exit
• Composition: Lipids &
proteins
• Semi-Permeable: only
specific materials may enter
and exit
– Through pores & protein
channels
• Job: Controls cell activity
– Where DNA is found
– DNA holds info to
make proteins
• Inside:
– 1) Chromatin: long
strands of DNA
– 2) Nucleolus: makes
ribosomes
• Aka: ER
• Rough ER: Tunnel system that transports ribosomes
and proteins
• Smooth ER: makes fats & breaks down toxins (no
ribosomes)
• Created by nucleolus
– Some attached to ER… some free-floating
• Transported by the rough ER
• Job: make proteins
• Job: Package and transport proteins out of the cell
• Protein Creation Process Review
1) Nucleolus makes a ribosome
2) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER
3) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and
exports them
Golgi Body in action
Vesicle expels the proteins
(blue dots) from the cell
Golgi body is placing proteins (yellow
dots) into protective vesicles
• Powerhouse: Releases energy to the cell
• Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular
respiration
• Endosymbiosis theory: Mitochondria were once free living
organisms that later became parts of modern cells
– Evidence: Own DNA, own ribosomes, make proteins, replicate
• Contain digestive
enzymes
• Functions:
– 1) Break down
food
– 2) Kill bacteria
– 3) Autolysis:
Destroy dying cell
• Used in movement
• Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
• Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
That one magical night, sperm cells
swam with the aid of a flagella!
• Job: Stores food,
water, waste, color
pigments
• Swells & shrinks with
H2O supply
• Plant cells: Large
central vacuole (as
pictured)
• Animal cells: Scattered
smaller vacuoles
• Outermost layer of plant,
fungi, & bacteria cells
• Job: Adds support to
growing plants
• Made of tough cellulose
– Hard to digest
• Witnessed by Robert
Hooke in 1665
Cell membrane
• Job: Perform photosynthesis
CO2 + H20 + sunlight  Sugar + O2
• Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & converts it into
glucose (sugar)
• Endosymbiosis theory: Chloroplasts were once free living
organisms that later became parts of modern cells
– Evidence: Own DNA, own ribosomes, make proteins, replicate
Kobe Kuiz
1) Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function.
2) Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm.
3) Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to
exportation.
4) List various reasons to help support the theory of
endosymbiosis.
5) Name two organelles that plant cells have an animal cells do
not.
6) Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells?
7) Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar?
8) Which organelle creates ribosomes?
9) Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release
proteins?
10)Which molecule holds the information to make a protein?