Transcript DISRUPTING GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM

Warm-up 2/21:
• Measure the length of your hand in cm.
• Place ruler up on desk & Stand your hand
up.
• Measure from bottom of palm to tip of
tallest finger.
• Use your phone or a friends phone and enter
your results at http://goo.gl/8y4qVA
or link on Mr. E’s page
• Turn in flipbook.
• Study for quiz.
Warm-up 2/21: Part 2
What are the 5 conditions for HardyWeinberg genetic equilibrium?
DISRUPTING GENETIC
EQUILIBRIUM
Ch. 16-2 pp. 321-325
Definitions..
Evolution is the change in a population’s
genetic material (alleles) over
generations.
 A population is in genetic equilibrium if
it’s not evolving

WHAT PUSHES A POPULATION OUT OF
EQUILIBRIUM?
Population is in
equilibrium
5 Factors
I. Mutation

Produces and introduces new alleles in a population
II. Migration/ Gene Flow

Movement of individuals in or out of a population
 Immigration
– In (Entering population)
 Emigration – Out (Leaving population)
III. Genetic Drift

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
The amount of an allele changes due to random events
Affects small populations mostly
Lose alleles if not enough to mate or a catastrophe occurs
IV. Natural Selection (3 Types)
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Organisms best suited to their environment live to
reproduce and pass on their genes
Acts on a phenotype
Varying types of selection
V. Non-random mating

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Can amplify certain traits and reduce others through
sexual selection
Sexual Selection - Choose mates based on specific
traits and those traits increase in the population
HW:
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Due Mon: Read 317-320 Do p320 #1-5 Due Mon
Due Tuesday: Vocab & Read p 321-325 Do
problem p 325 #2-5
Vocab (Tri-fold) for:
Vocab
Gene Flow
Phylogeny/ phylogenic tree
Genetic Drift
Adaptive Radiation
Stabilizing Selection
Allele frequency
Disruptive Selection
Gene pool
Hardy-Weinberg genetic
equilibrium
Directional Selection
Superposition
Warm up 2/24:
• Define: Homologous Structures, Analogous Structures
and Vestigial Organs/Structures.
•Give 1 example of each
•What is the main difference between a homologous
structure and a vestigial Structure.
SELECTION &
SPECIATION
Ch. 16-3 pp. 326-330
Directional Selection
Individuals with a more extreme form of trait have
higher fitness
Normal Distribution
Distribution after Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Having average form of trait has highest fitness
Normal Distribution
Distribution after Selection
Disruptive Selection
Individuals with any extreme trait has a higher fitness
and most likely results in two new species
Normal Distribution
Distribution after Selection
Forming a new species
Speciation: forming a new species
 Species: a group of organisms that can
mate and produce fertile offspring
1. same number of chromosomes
2. similar morphology (body
structure)

Species Types

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Morphological Species – Defined using similar
characteristics.
Biological Species – A species can reproduce and
have fertile offspring.
A
group of organism that can successfully interbreed.
 Cannot breed fertile offspring with other species.
Disruptive Selection
Divergent evolution that most likely results in two new
species
Mechanisms

Allopatric speciation caused
by geographic isolation
(physical separation of
organisms)
Mechanisms Cont.

Sympatric Speciation due to reproductive isolation
(barriers to successful breeding)
 Prezygotic:
before fertilization (i.e breeding times or
home range)
 Postzygotic: after fertilization- infertile
offspring (chromosome # doesn’t add up)
Liger –
Tiger and
Lion
produce an
infertile
offspring
Schedule

Homework
Vocab & bookwork due Tuesday
 Speciation Activity Due Wednesday
 Vocab & bookwork Due Thursday
 Lab Due Friday
 Study Guide Due Monday 3/3/2014
 Raft: Due Friday 3/7/2014
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Quiz: Friday 2/28
Exam Tuesday 3/4/2014
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Intervention: Thursday After School & Friday Before School
HW:
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Due Tuesday: Vocab & Read p 321-325 Do
problem p 325 #2-5
Vocab (Tri-fold) for:
Vocab
Gene Flow
Phylogeny/ phylogenic tree
Genetic Drift
Adaptive Radiation
Stabilizing Selection
Allele frequency
Disruptive Selection
Gene pool
Hardy-Weinberg genetic
equilibrium
Directional Selection
Superposition
Warm-up 2/21:
Describe what happened with the gene pool
with the mice from yesterdays video.
(Min. 3 sentences & use as much Vocab as
you can.)
What are the five assumptions that must
hold true to achieve genetic equilibrium?
DISRUPTING GENETIC
EQUILIBRIUM
Ch. 16-2 pp. 321-325