Transcript 15-1 The Puzzle of Life`s Diversity

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 Can you tell a chicken from a fish? A human from a
turtle?
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/guess
-embryo.html
 Sure you can…complete “Timing is everything” activity
 When you are done get your INB ready for cornell
notes on the History of Evolutionary Thought.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/2317_odyul
tim.html#answer
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Catastrophism  Uniformatiarianism
Lamarck  Darwin
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 Inheritance Of Acquired Traits
 Traits Acquired During Ones Lifetime Would Be
Passed To Offspring
What happened
in 30-50 MY’s?
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:
• Charles Lyell - proposed earth
formed MYA not thousands of
years ago
• Thomas Malthus – struggle for
existence through available
resources
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:
• John Baptiste Lamarck 1700’s – Inheritance of
acquired Characteristics and Law of Use and
Disuse
• Alfred Russel Wallace – came to the same
conclusions as Darwin
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 Hardy-Weinberg – researched changes in allelic
frequencies. For example, what might happen in a
population of mice, if their ability to run quickly
and escape predation was due to a single genetic
trait?
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 1st to group similar
organisms and assign
them Latin names
(Taxonomy)
 Binomial
Nomenclature (Genus
species)
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Charles Darwin
 Wrote On the Origin of
Species by Means of
Natural Selection AKA
The Origin
 Fossil Record
 Taxonomy
 Comparative Anatomy
 Comparative Embryology
 Biogeography
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Darwin returned 5 years later in 1836
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 Small Group of Islands 1000 km West of South
America
 Very Different Climates
 Animals On Islands Unique
 Tortoises
 Iguanas
 Finches
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What differences
do you see in the
Galapagos Islands
Tortoises?
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 Finches resembled a mainland finch
 More types of finches appeared where the available
food was different (seeds, nuts, berries, insects…)
 Finches had different types of beaks adapted to type of
food gathering…ex of:Speciation
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How did the finch speciation occur?
What environmental, genetic,
physical changes took place?
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 What a Beak Activity
 Easter Island Activity
(UTDanaCtr) can be used
to elaborate on speciation/
natural selection
 Peppered Moth Activity
(UTDanaCtr) can be used
to elaborate natural
selection due to
environmental changes.
(UTDanaCtr) can be
used for natural selection
due to human impact
 Natural Selection lab can
be used
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Day three
 Evolution is a gradual
change in the
characteristics of a
species over time. The
structures, behaviors,
interactions, and
internal processes
observed in the millions
of species on this planet
are the result of the
process of evolution.
 Charles Darwin stated
that evolution by
natural selection
explained how
populations of organisms
evolve.
1. Embryology
2. DNA sequences
3. Fossils
4. Anatomical structures
 Similarity in embryo development shows a close
relationship (vertebrate embryos all have tail & gill
slits)
Sure you
can…complete
“Timing is
everything” activity
2. DNA
by comparing the DNA sequences of two organisms
or the amino acid sequences made from the DNA,
scientists can learn which organisms are related;
the more DNA two organisms have in common,
the closer related they are
1. Using the table, compare
the amino acid sequence of
the chimp and the human.
2. Notice that for this protein
the chimp and human have
the exact same sequence.
3. Now compare the baboon
and the human.
4. Notice that there are 5
differences in the sequence.
5. This tells you that the
human is more closely
related to the chimp than
the baboon.
1: GGC ATG TTA
2. GGC GTT TTA
3. GGC TCT TTA
Pro Tyr Asn
Pro Gln Asn
Pro Arg Asn
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 In undisturbed layers
of sedimentary rock,
the deeper it is, the
older it is.
 Give us information
about extinct species.
 An inherited trait that increases the
population’s chances of survival and
reproduction is an adaptation
•homologous structures:
structure with different functions
found in different species and
thought to be inherited from common
ancestors
ex: whales, cats and birds all have the same # and
type of bones in the forelimbs but their functions
are different
•analogous structures:
have the different structures but
the same function & do not show a
close relationship
Come up with your own examples
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 Evolution
 DNA Sequences
 phylogeny
 survival of the fittest
 homologous structures
 anatomical similarities
 analogous structures
 natural selection
embryology
 sedimentary rock
 variation

 adaptation
 vestigial organs
 speciation
 fossils
 camouflage
 mutation
 mimicry
 speciation
 niche
 species
 extinction
 common ancestor
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