Transcript Here

Bellwork 1/28/16
1.How would you describe
the term behavior in
animals?
2.List 10 examples of
animal behavior.
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Let’s get CAUGHT up
1. Turn in:
• Facebook Page (staple
rubric, reading and FB
page together)
• Progress Report
signature due
tomorrow
2. Go over Genetics Test
Natural Selection
-
Animal Behavior ------- Pg. ____
Natural Selection
Selective Breeding
Extinction
Symbiosis
Animal Traits and Behaviors that
Enhance Survival
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPAjuYHlVIs
What We Are Going To Learn:
•
•
•
•
•
What are traits?
Inherited vs. Learned
Response to stimuli
Evolutionary Adaptations
Natural Selection and
Selective Breeding
What is a Trait?
Write down on your own paper what
you think a trait is. You may give an
example as well.
 Share your definition with your neighbor.
 Discuss what you both have written
down and re-write your definition if you
and your partner come up with
something better.
What is a Trait Cont.?
 Did you come up with something like this?
– A characteristic of some organism, like how it
looks or acts.
– Can be passed down from parents to
offspring = (inherited)
– Can be learned
– Allows organism to survive and reproduce in
its environment in which it lives.
Add this information to your definition if you do
not have it.
Inherited vs. Learned
• What do we mean when we say
inherited?
– Whom are traits inherited from?
– How are they passed down?
– Give some examples of things you
inherit:
• Looks…
• Behaviors…
Learned Behaviors
 What are some things you are NOT
born knowing?
– List some items you must learn and
share with a partner to see if you
come up with some similar or
different ideas.
– Share your thoughts with the class.
What are Some of the Inherited Traits Seen
Here and What are They Used for?
Animal Behaviors:
Learned vs. Instinct:
OUTPUT: Number 1-5
• Discuss the following
pictures and label them
on your paper as learned
or instinct. Some may be
both, be able to explain.
Be able to share your
thoughts on how or why
you labeled them.
4
Bellwork 1/29/16
1. List 5 animal behaviors that
enhance survival.
2. After each behavior list if they
are instinctive or learned.
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Other Instinctual Behaviors:
 Fight or Flight response:
– When startled by an outside stimulus the animals
instinctive behavior will be triggered.
– Those behaviors can be to run, hide, or stand your
ground and fight
Some Other Behaviors:
• Living in herds and packs vs. living solitary lives
• Three reasons to live in herds or packs:
1. Protection from predators
2. Hunting packs- more efficient at capturing prey
3. Reproductive Efficiency – mates found within pack or herd
Solitary Lives:
 Why do some animals live solitary lives?
– Some animals live alone because there are not enough
resources to support more than one animal in the territory
(i.e. food, shelter, etc)
Predator vs. Prey:
• Most prey animals live in social groups, packs, schools
(fish), herds, for protection, finding of resources and
reproducing.
• Some do live solitary lives. Where these animals live
determines how they live.
• Some prey animals react to a predator very differently from
other prey animals.
Horses:
Run away
from
predators.
Rabbits:
Freeze in the
presence of a
predator, and
will try to hide
as soon as
possible.
Predator vs. Prey continued:
 Predator animals can either
live solitary lives or live in
packs.
 They live in packs not for
protection like prey animals,
but for easier hunting, and
reproducing.
 Some predator animals do live
in social or family groups as
well (such as chimpanzees and
apes).
Behavioral Differences Between Male
And Female Animals?
 Female animals: tend to
take care of the young, can
lead the herd/pack and be
the hunters/gatherers of the
pack/herd and watch/listen
for danger.
Male animals: In some cases lead, watch for
danger but in most cases they must fight off other
males who may want the females of the pack/herd
for reproducing and thus the passing on of his traits.
The stronger male wins, which means the
stronger traits get passed on.
There are Alpha males and females in all packs/herds.
What is the difference between them and non-alpha
animals?
Earthworm Behavior Lab
Dorsal
Anterior
Ventral
Posterior
Bellwork 2/1/16
List a characteristic that each
animal has that gives them an
advantage to survival.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
A
“A”
“B”
“C”
“D”
B
C
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D
Natural Selection
-
Animal Behavior ------- Pg. ____
Natural Selection ------ Pg. ____
Selective Breeding
Extinction
Symbiosis
Darwin’s Questions…
• Why are organisms different?
• Why are organisms similar?
• Why are there so many different types of
organisms?
The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
• Charles Darwin was an
English Natural Scientist
during the 19th century
• He is credited with one of the
most important theories in
life science.
• Darwin spent 20 years
making observations to
develop this theory.
• Explains why species change
over time.
Darwin’s Journey of Observations
Voyage of the HMS Beagle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Beagle
Voyage of the HMS Beagle
The Galapagos Islands
https://maps.google.com/maps
Galapagos Iguanas
Giant Tortoises
The giant tortoise is a unique animal
found only in the Galápagos Islands.
There are only about 200 tortoises
remaining on these islands.
Darwin’s Finches
• Most studied.
• Each island had its own
distinct species.
• Beaks differed in size and
shape.
• The finches came from
the same ancestor.
• Evolved to adapt to
different food sources.
What happened next?
• Darwin returned to England.
• Studied for another 20 years.
• Wrote a book
On the Origin of Species
by Means of Natural Selection (1859)
Describes Darwin’s observations and Evidence he collected
in order to formulate the Theory of Evolution.
Darwin for a Day!
Darwin Booklet- https://youtu.be/SPQkQMfaVg0
4. Where did you go to
school?
3. What was your
childhood like growing up?
2. What year were you
born?
1. What country were you
born in?
8. Why did you join the HMS
Beagle?
7. What did you study at these
new schools?
6. Did you go to any other
schools?
5. What was your favorite
subject in school?
Early Life
Journey on the Beagle
9. Where did this journey
take you?
12. What did you find on the
island that was of particular
importance when theorizing
about the origin of life?
10. How long was this
voyage?
13. What unique animals did
you find on the islands?
11. What islands did you
do most of year research
on?
14. Where did you record
these findings?
Charles Darwin
Interview
Evolution by Natural Selection
15.After the voyage, what
did you spend most of
your time doing?
16. Why didn’t you publish
your results right when
you got back?
17. Why did you finally
publish your results?
18. What was the name of
your book?
19. What were your 4
major findings?
20. Based on your
findings, what determines
an organism’s ability to
survive?
21. When did you die?
Darwin for a Day
1. Read article with your group
2. Answer the questions that go along with your
reading
3. Decide who will read to the class (one person
or one paragraph per person).
4. Decide who is going to answer each question
during the interview time.
5. Rehearse, Rehearse, Rehearse!!
**Group Presentations tomorrow!
HW: Do Lunar Cycles Make
Animals Crazy? Due Friday 2/5
Bellwork 2/2/16
1. List 3 interesting facts you
learned about Darwin during
your reading yesterday.
**Write in complete sentences.
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Darwin for a Day : Interview
Changes Over Time
Evolutionary Adaptations
What can cause changes in animal
behaviors or genetic traits?
Changes Over
Time Continued:
• Evolutionary Adaptations are the changes that occur over
long periods of time.
– Adaptations are changes made by organisms in response
to the environment. (external stimuli)
– If an organism can survive without needing to change or
adapt then it will. Example, armadillos, many insects, fish…
– However, some organisms must adapt to environmental
changes or risk the chance of extinction.
 What are some specific
adaptations seen in these
pictures, and what are their
purposes for that
organism?????
Animal adaptations allow animals to live effectively
within their environments.
Do all of these pictures represent that
statement? Why or Why Not?
Within an Ecosystem:
Organisms that live together
within an ecosystem are all
competing for the same
resources.
However, their specific
adaptations allow them to be
specialized in their niche and
therefore reduce the competition
for resources in some way.
Example:
Giraffes eat from tall trees
instead of the shorter ones
where all other animals eat.
Zebras eat from the top part of
the grass
Wildebeest eats the leaves,
Gazelles eat the rest of what's
left.
Bellwork 2/3/16
1. What is an evolutionary adaptation?
Evolutionary Adaptations are the changes that occur
over long periods of time.
2. What is an animal adaptation?
Animal adaptations allow animals to live effectively
within their environments.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=os6HD-sCRn8
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Natural
Selection
• All organisms need to reproduce to survive. The
successful organisms pass on the genetic
information of the surviving species from
generation to generation.
• Survival of the fittest- The 'weeding out' of the
less suited organisms, and the reward of survival
to those better suited.
• Fitness= the ability to Survive AND Reproduce
Natural selection is considered to be the biggest factor
resulting in the diversity of species (speciation).
These pictures show variation in species in big cats and owls.
Adaptation vs. Mutation:
What is a Mutation?
• When a new/different genetic trait first appears in an
organism it is often looked at as a “mutation”.
• Note: Not all “Mutations” are bad. When they are
caused by “Gene Shuffling” it just means something
different than what is normally expected, was passed on
to the offspring.
Adaptations/Mutations:
• If the “mutation” allows for the organism to survive
and reproduce it may become a new trait and create
a new species.
– those traits being important/necessary for their survival.
• Competition for resources and the ever changing
environment calls for organisms to change if they
are going to survive and continue in the future.
The tapir is a member of the same family as the
horse and the elephant. Tapirs are mammals.
They produce one, and in rare cases two, live
babies after a thirteen-month gestation period.
Tapirs are herbivores, and play an important
part in their habitat as seed dispersers, making
them a keystone species for many plant species
Adaptation/Mutation Continued:
 If a mutation is caused by an outside interference, like air
pollution, then severe mutations can occur and may in be
harmful to the organism.
 These types of mutations are different than a gene
shuffling mutation which is caused by the different DNA
possibilities of the parents.
A piglet was born with three eyes and two
mouths. The piglet was among eight newborn
piglets at Liu Dingsheng's farm in China. A local
vet said the abnormality may have been caused
by genetic mutation or feed pollution. China
suffers heavily from environmental pollution.
Adaptation/Mutation
Student Break:
Put your thinking
cap on!
• Take a moment and come up with some
examples of possible mutations that are
due to interference with the growth of
the organism and what the causes may
have been.
• Come up with some examples of
mutations caused by gene shuffling that
may get passed on as a new trait.
Just Some Cool Animals You May Not
Know About:
What do you think their adaptations are for?
Mongolian Mickey Mouse!
Bask Shark!
Purple Frog!
Look them up and check them out!
Natural Selection
-
Animal Behavior ------- Pg. ____
Natural Selection ------ Pg. ____
Selective Breeding ---- Pg. ___
Extinction
Symbiosis
What is Selective Breeding?
Thoroughbred
Horses - bred
for speed!
Angora Rabbits –
bred for soft fluffy fur.
Used in clothing.
• Breeders of animals and plants in
today's world want to produce
organisms that will possess the
most desirable characteristics.
• What are desirable
characteristics?
Corn – new hybrids created to be
high producing, drought resistant,
and disease resistant.
Selective Breeding:Cattle like this
are used to
increase beef
production.
• This process of selecting the
“best” parents.
• Plants or animals with specific
traits are crossed to get offspring
with the same desirable traits.
Some selective breeding
can change things about
a species. Like this
cauliflower that has had
color bred in to it.
Natural Selection
-
Animal Behavior ------- Pg. ____
Natural Selection ------ Pg. ____
Selective Breeding ---- Pg. ____
Extinction --------------- Pg. ___
Symbiosis
What happens if an animal doesn’t
adapt to the environment in which
it lives??
The Extinction Project- A Night at
the Museum (Due- Feb. 29th)
Recently Extinct Animals:
http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals
/g201/recently-extinct-animals-list-470209/
Check out these lists of extinct animals:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_extinct_anima
ls
Citing Sources:
https://www.eduplace.com/parents/resources/hom
ework/reference/bibliography.html
Bellwork 2/4/16
1. What organism have you selected
for your “Extinction Project”?
2. List 4 reasons you selected that
organism.
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PBS Evolution- Great
Transformations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhhgPCPD4zc
Evidence of Evolution- Worksheet
Bird Adaptations- Worksheet
Natural Selection Lab - BEAKS
Bead lab
Design a Bird- Activity 7.2
Butterfly Lab- Test Review… Darwin Quiz
Questions….???
Natural Selection
-
Animal Behavior ------- Pg. ____
Natural Selection ------ Pg. ____
Selective Breeding ---- Pg. ____
Extinction --------------- Pg. ____
Symbiosis --------------- Pg. ____
Symbiosis
Our goal for today is to answer these
questions:
• What is symbiosis?
• What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
• What are some examples of symbiosis?
What is symbiosis?

Symbiosis: the act of living together
Symbiosis
What it means:
Two organisms that live together
Temporarily or for a longer time
At least one of the organisms
benefits from the relationship
What are the different kinds of
symbiosis?
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
both organisms
benefit
one organism
benefits
one organism
is unaffected
one organism
benefits
one organism
is harmed
Mutualism
Organism One
Organism Two
Commensalism
Organism One
Organism Two
Parasitism
Organism One
Organism Two
Acacia Plant & Ants
The ants lay eggs on
acacia tree so they get
a nice safe place for
their eggs. The acacia
covers the infected
area with brown flesh
(called a gall.) The
plant has to use
valuable resources to
create the gall.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
parasitism
Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab carries a pair of
stinging anemones in its claws,
which it uses to defend itself from
predators. The anemones get to
move around which increases their
food supply.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
mutualism
Shark & Remora
mutualism
The remora attaches itself to the
shark and saves energy since it
doesn’t have to swim, and it gets to
snack on the sharks gills. The shark
gets parasites removed and dead
skin cells.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber
This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along
on the back of a sea cucumber (a long
worm-like starfish relative) while it
crawls along a sandy bottom. The
shrimp gets to travel around under the
protection of its much larger partner,
and the sea cucumber doesn't seem to
mind.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
commensalism
Moray Eel & Cleaner Fish
This moray eel has a small fish
cleaning between its teeth. The
eel gets a clean mouth while the
cleaner fish gets a nice meal.
mutualism
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Cattle & Cattle Egrets
As these cattle walk
around eating grass they
stir up lots of insects. The
egrets hang around and
get a yummy meal of
insects.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
commensalism
Clown Fish & Anemone
This clown fish swims in
the anemone and gets
protection, since its
predators will get stung.
The anemone is
unaffected.
commensalism
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Antelope & Ox Bird
This ox bird
hangs out on the
antelope and gets
a delicious meal
of bugs living on
the antelope. The
antelope gets rid
of parasites.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
mutualism
Loa Loa Worm & Human
This worm infects
human the blood
stream and gets a
nice warm safe
home there. The
human may go
blind or have other
complications as a
result.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
parasitism
Goby and Alpheid Shrimp
This alpheid shrimp (on
the right) uses its strong claws
like a bulldozer to create a
burrow in the sand. The
shrimp is nearly blind. It relies
upon its partner, the sharpeyed goby, to warn of danger.
When a potential predator
approaches, both animals
disappear quickly into the
burrow
mutualism
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Wrasse & Batfish
Can you see the two
cleaner wrasses are
removing parasites from
a batfish? One of the
wrasses has entered the
gill slit of the batfish, and
may even enter its
mouth in search of food.
The batfish gets a bath
and the wrasse gets a
meal.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
mutualism
Hummingbird Moth & Flower
mutualism
This hummingbird moth is drinking
the nectar of a flower. The flower
gets pollinated (the moth brings
pollen from other flowers) and the
moth gets a tasty meal.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Summary
1. What is symbiosis?
2. What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
3. Describe one example of each kind of
symbiotic relationship.
The Good Guys- Worksheet