Transcript Cells 1.2

Biology
Biology
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform
important cellular functions are known as
organelles.
Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two
major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
The Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside
the nucleus.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Ribosome (free)
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Golgi
apparatus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Animal Cell
Nucleolus
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Ribosome (free)
Nuclear envelope
Cell membrane
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(attached)
Centrioles
Golgi
apparatus
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
What is the function of the nucleus?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's
DNA and with it the coded instructions
for making proteins and other important
molecules.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cell City
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Nucleus
The Nucleus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Nuclear
pores
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Ribosomes
What is the function of the ribosomes?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.
Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and
protein found throughout the cytoplasm.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the endoplasmic
reticulum?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
There are two types of ER—rough and smooth.
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The ER functions as a manufacturing and
packaging system for proteins. It works closely with
the Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
What is the function of the Golgi
apparatus?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus appears as a stack of closely
apposed membranes.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Golgi Apparatus
• It is another packaging organelle like the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
• The Golgi apparatus gathers simple molecules and
combines them to make molecules that are more
complex.
• It then takes those big molecules, packages them
in vesicles, and either stores them for later use or
sends them out of the cell.
• It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes (cell
digestion machines).
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Think Pair Share
• How do the ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and
Endoplasmic Reticulum work together?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
• Ribosomes create molecules the cell needs, like
proteins
• The Endoplasmic Reticulum stores or packages up
those molecules
• The Golgi apparatus ships those packages out of
the cell
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Vacuoles
What is the function of vacuoles?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Vacuoles
In many plant cells there
is a single, large central
vacuole filled with liquid.
Stores sugar, nutrients,
and water
Vacuole
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of the mitochondria?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Nearly all eukaryotic
cells contain
mitochondria. (Plants
and Animals).
Mitochondria convert
the chemical energy
stored in food into
compounds that are
more convenient for
the cell to use.
Mitochondrion
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Think Pair Share
• Do you think plant cells will have
mitochondria?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
• Do you think plant cells will have
mitochondria?
• Yes! They still do.
• But they also have…
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of chloroplasts?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
Plants and some other
organisms contain
chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts capture
energy from sunlight
and convert it into
chemical energy in a
process called
photosynthesis.
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Think Pair Share
• Besides the chloroplast, what other
structures do plant cells have that animal
cells do not have?
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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
• Besides the chloroplast, what other
structures do plant cells have that animal
cells do not have?
• Chloroplast, Cell Wall, Central Vacuole
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Cytoskeleton
What are the functions of the
cytoskeleton?
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Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins
that helps the cell to maintain its shape.
The cytoskeleton is also involved in
movement.
cyto= cell
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
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Cytoskeleton
Centrioles are located near the nucleus and help to
organize cell division.
Cell Organelle Interactive
Plant and Animal Model Interactive
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7-2
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7-2
In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible
as
a. a dense region called the nucleolus.
b. the nuclear envelope.
c. granular material called chromatin.
d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts.
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7-2
Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials
and helping to
a. break down organelles.
b. assemble proteins.
c. maintain homeostasis.
d. make new organelles.
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Chloroplasts are found in the cells of
a. plants only.
b. plants and some other organisms.
c. all eukaryotes.
d. most prokaryotes.
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7-2
Which of the following is NOT a function of the
Golgi apparatus?
a. synthesize proteins.
b. modify proteins.
c. sort proteins.
d. package proteins.
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7-2
Which of the following is a function of the
cytoskeleton?
a. manufactures new cell organelles
b. assists in movement of some cells from one
place to another
c. releases energy in cells
d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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