Transcript Natural Selection - White Plains Public Schools

Which of the following is NOT a part of the
theory of natural selection
(1) Organisms compete for finite resources
(2) Mutations cause variation among populations
(3) Most juvenile animals survive to adulthood
(4) Organisms adapt to changes when they must
Artificial Selection
(selective breeding)
Variation
(mutations make differences in populations)
Overproduction of offspring
(most will not survive)
Competition
(resources are scarce, the best adapted survive)
Survivors reproduce and pass
genes to offspring
(traits with positive adaptive value remain)
Bacteria reproduce very quickly!
Because of rapid asexual reproduction—
and natural variation among them—at
least one bacterium will always survive.
ADAPTIVE
RADIATION
They become different
species!
The evolutionary pathways of ten different species are
represented in the diagram below.
Which statement is correct, based on the diagram?
(1) Species C had many variations and lived in a stable,
unchanging environment.
(2) Species D, C, and J are extinct.
(3) Species F evolved from species D.
(4) Species J had little variation and lived in a changing
environment.
Which of the following would most likely result in rapid evolution in a
species of organism
(1) Few mutations in a stable environment
(2) Few mutations in a changing environment
(3) Many mutations in a stable environment
(4) Many mutations in a changing environment
The evolutionary pathways
of five species are
represented in the diagram.
Which statement is supported by the diagram?
(1) Species C is the ancestor of species B.
(2) Species D and E evolved from species B.
(3) Species X evolved later than species D but
before species B.
(4) Both species C and species D are related to
species X.
Two species of animals with a similar appearance
live in the same habitat but do not compete for
food. This is because they most likely
(1) reproduce at different times of the year
(2) are the same size
(3) occupy different ecological niches
(4) are active at night
The cactus finch, warbler finch, and woodpecker finch all live on one
island. Based on the information in the diagram below, which one of
these finches is least likely to compete with the other two for food?
Support your answer with an explanation.
According to the diagram here, which three species lived on
Earth during the same time period?
(1) robustus, africanus, afarensis
(2) habilis, erectus, afarensis
(3) habilis, robustus, boisei
(4) africanus, boisei, erectus
A species in a changing environment would have the best
chance of survival as a result of a mutation that has a
(1) high adaptive value and occurs in its skin cells
(2) low adaptive value and occurs in its skin cells
(3) high adaptive value and occurs in its gametes
(4) low adaptive value and occurs in its gametes
Which group would most likely have the greatest
survival success during a long period of
environmental changes?
(1) a small population of rabbits living in a field of
grass
(2) a large population of red ants living in a forest
(3) an endangered population of polar bears living
near an iceberg
(4) one species of bird that nests only in sugar
maple trees
WHY?
In an area of Indonesia where the ocean floor is littered with
empty coconut shells, a species of octopus has been filmed
“walking” on two of its eight tentacles. The remaining six
tentacles are wrapped around its body.
Scientists suspect that, with its tentacles arranged this way,
the octopus resembles a rolling coconut. Local predators,
including sharks, seem not to notice the octopus when it
behaves in this manner.
This unique method of locomotion has lasted over many
generations due to
(1) competition between octopuses and their predators
(2) ecological succession in marine habitats
(3) the process of natural selection
(4) selective breeding of this octopus species
Natural Selection in Action
•Bacteria are killed by antibiotics
•Some are killed quickly, but some are naturally
more resistant and require several days
•If you do not finish your medicine you will kill off
some and SELECT FOR the resistant ones
•The resistant ones survive and reproduce
In several species of birds, the males show off their
and long feathers. The dull colored
females usually pick the brightest colored males for
mates. Male offspring inherit their father’s bright
colors and long feathers.
Compared to earlier generations, future generations
of these birds will be expected to have a greater
proportion of
(1) bright-colored females
(2) dull-colored females
(3) dull-colored males
(4) bright-colored males
Which observation could best be used to indicate an
evolutionary relationship between two species?
(1) They have similar base sequences.
(2) They have similar fur color.
(3) They inhabit the same geographic regions.
(4) They occupy the same niche.
A species known as the Bird of Paradise has been
observed in the jungles of New Guinea. Males
shake their bodies and hang upside down to show
off their bright colors and long feathers to attract
females. Females usually mate with the “flashiest”
males. These observations indicate
(1) unusual courtship behaviors lead to extinction
(2) some organisms are better adapted for asexual
reproduction
(3) homeostasis in an organism is influenced by
physical characteristics
(4) behaviors that lead to reproductive success
have evolved
The remains of three organisms are shown below.
A study of these remains would indicate that these
organisms have
(1) identical food preferences
(3) structural similarities
(2) identical body sizes
(4) habitat similarities
Studies of the finches of the Galapagos Islands
have shown that
(1) DNA will change to produce structures needed
by birds to survive intense competition
(2) a bird’s beak changes annually in response to
the type of food that is most abundant each year
(3) natural selection occurs when there are scarce
resources and intense competition
(4) the beak of a finch will change if the
environment of the bird remains stable