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Types of Cells
 Prokaryotic- no nucleus. Simple
cells. Found in bacteria
 Eukaryotic- nucleus. Complex cells.
Found in animals, plants
Cell Organelles- parts
Nucleus
 The nucleus is the storehouse for DNA and
controller of the cell.
 The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear
membrane (envelope)
DNA makes up
chromosomes,
which carry the
genetic code for a
cell.
The Nucleus
Cell (plasma) Membrane
 Surrounds the cell, like the “skin” of
the cell.
 Regulates what enters and leaves
the cell and provides protection and
support for the cell.
Cell (plasma) membrane
THE CELL MEMBRANE
HAS 2 LAYERS
-bilipid layer with
floating proteins
CELL MEMBRANE
Cytoplasm
CYTOPLASM
 a thick liquid inside all
cells aka “Cell Jelly”
 Supports all cell
organelles
Ribosome
 Creates and Assembles small
protein parts
 Located on the surface of the Rough
Endoplasmic reticulum or free
floating.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 The endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) is a
series of tubes that
assembles and
transport materials.
 The ER is made up
of rough and smooth
regions
 “Highways”
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough
ER = with ribosome
• Transports proteins
This is Rough
Endoplasmic
reticulum. Notice
the ribosomes!
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
rough ER
(with ribosomes)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Smooth = No ribosomes
•Creates and Transports lipids
Golgi Apparatus (Bodies/complex)
The Golgi is in charge of secretion of
chemicals.
1) Substances arrive there and are
changed
2) Then they are repackaged and sent
other places in the cell.
3) Sometimes substances are sent out of
the cell.
Golgi Bodies
Golgi Bodies
Lysosomes
 cells' garbage
disposal system
 contain enzymes that
break apart nearly all
cell molecules.
 digest worn out cell
parts
 If the lysosome
breaks, it can destroy
the cell!
Mitochondria
 Mitochondria are the energy
production centers of the cell.
 Mitochondria convert glucose and O2
into energy.
 “powerhouse”
 Many found in muscle cells.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
The vacuole is a
fluid filled
organelle that
stores amino
acids, sugars,
water and wastes.
Much larger in
plants.
Plant
vacuole
Animal
vacuole
Typical Animal Cell
Typical Plant Cell
Golgi body
central vacuole
nucleus
chloroplast
endoplasmic
reticulum
mitochondria
cell wall
plasma
membrane
Centrioles
 1) found only in
animal cells
 2) involved in
cell reproduction
Movie
A word about plants…
Plant cells contain
additional organelles
that are absent from
animal cells!
Cell Wall
 Plant cells are also surrounded by a cell
wall, in addition to a plasma membrane.
 The
cell wall is a tough layer that
supports a cell and gives it shape.
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
 The chloroplast is a special organelle necessary to
carry out photosynthesis.
 Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment.
 They belong to a group of organelles called “Plastids”.
They are involved in the synthesis and storage of food
products.