Transcript Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint - CzechLight

Equipment for open photonic networking
www.ces.net
czechlight.cesnet.cz
Josef Vojtěch
Miloslav Hůla, Jan Nejman, Jan Radil, Pavel Škoda
vojtech (at) cesnet (dot) cz
Equipment for Open Photonic Networking
Authors participate on:
CESNET research program(www.ces.net),
GN3 (www.geant.net),
Presented content does not necessarily reflect an official opinion of
any institution or project.
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Outline
Free and Open Software, Free HW, Open and Free HW
in Networking
Open Photonic Systems
Building Blocks
Monitoring and Planning of Photonics Systems
Operational Costs
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Q&A
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Free a Open Source Software
Free a Open source SW

Free SW - freedom to use, study and modify not necessarily for free, sometimes Libre is
used to avoid misunderstanding

Open source SW – open source code for development by user community and freedom of
redistribution

These classes not exactly the same - some „open“ licenses to restrictive for „free“ on a
contrary some „free“ licenses unacceptable under „open“

Differences are small, majority of „free“ SW is also „open source“ and vice versa

Business model of free SW is typically based on added services, for example customer
support, training, customization, integration or certification
Commercial software can be free software or proprietary software, contrary to a
popular misconception that "commercial software" is a synonym for "proprietary
software" (an example of commercial free software is Red Hat Linux)
Freeware

Usage free of charge

Authors retain all rights, reverse engineering, modification and redistribution can be limited
Source: wikipedia
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Open Hardware
Success of free and open SW is obvious
Open source hardware

Designed and offered in the same way as free and open SW

Open approach applied to HW (for example schematics)

Free and open approach applied to SW controlling this HW
Open design

Design of products or systems through publicly shared information
Source: wikipedia
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Free and Open Approach in Networking
What about free and open approach in networking?
It exists, especially at higher levels, plenty of smaller project, e.g. open
routers
Also vendors of proprietary equipment developed for commercial ISPs use
this approach: e.g. Juniper has opened network OS JUNOS (based on Free
BSD) and created Partner Solution Development Platform already in 2007
Nevertheless R&E network operators know first what they and their
customers/members need
This should allow fast development of innovative and better services
Also it can bring partial independence on vendors roadmaps, typically
oriented to ISPs or carriers
What about the lowest layers, especially photonic?
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Free and Open Approach in Transmission
Systems
Open transmission system have been developed in
CESNET

It uses open source SW based on Debian and SLAX
System users can (and are encouraged to) actively
improve SW – they know the best what they need

Fast development of new and better features and services
Freedoms preserved

To operate system according needs

To study how system works

To modify system
Business model is similar to open SW – e.g. design of
systems, maintenance, customization and support
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Building Blocks of Open WDM Systems
Traditional static WDM systems consist of few basic building blocks

MUX/DEMUXes, OADMs, amplifiers, DCUs
Available building blocks of open system


Amplifiers of different types: EDFA, Raman, TDM-Raman
(spectrally flat gain and OSNR)
Tunable CD compensators based on different principles: FBG,
GTE, VIPA, MZI
Remaining necessary blocksADD
available from 3rd parties
MUX
OADM
DEMUX
DROP
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Building Blocks of Open WDM Systems
Modern WDM systems with dynamic lambda routing capability
deploy additional blocks:

VMUXes - dynamical signal attenuation, equalization

ROADMs - dynamical add drop
Open system

VMUXes, ROADMs
TX A
TX 1
.........
.........
TX N
λ1 ------ λN
λ1
λN
M
U
X
OA
λ1
D λ1
E
M
U
X
λN
λN
λ1 ------ λN
V
M
U
X
OA
TX B
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Building Blocks of Open WDM Systems
WDM systems with traditional
2 degree ROADMs –
ring topology
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Building Blocks of Open WDM Systems
Automatic and touch-less lambda provisioning



Colourless inputs/outputs – necessary to support tunable transceivers,
composite signals can be treated
To avoid expensive and potentially inaccurate manual work, especially in field
Multi-degree ROADMs (deg>2) – allow to built more advanced topologies
(meshes, ring of rings,…)
Open system

colourless VMUXes, multideg. ROADMs
TX A
.........
.........
C
o
l
o
r
L
e
s
s
λ1
TX 1
TX N
M
U
X
λ1 ------ λN
OA
λN
V
M
U
X
λ1 ------ λN
OA
TX B
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Building blocks of Open WDM systems
Multidegree ROADM (degree=4)
OA
CL
oe
le
os
r
Color
-less
DROP
OA
Color
-less
ADD
Color
-less
DROP
Color
-less
DROP
Color
-less
ADD
Color
-less
ADD
Color
-less
ADD
OA
DEMUX
Color
-less
DROP
TX 4k
CL
oe
le
os
r
OA
TX 8k
MUX
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Building Blocks of Open WDM Systems
Fibre Switches
Backup or resources sharing
CLS 16x16 – mechanically based, broadband
Operational band
Insertion loss
Switching speed
Durability
O+C+L
2 dB
40 ms
109 cycles
CLS 8x8 (PM) – non-mechanically based
Operational band
Insertion loss
Switching speed
Durability
C
4 dB
3 ms
MTBF 106 hrs (114 years)
CLS 16x16 – non-mechanically based
Operational band
Insertion loss
Switching speed
Durability
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C
5 dB
3 ms
MTBF 5*105 hrs
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Building Blocks of Open WDM systems
Multicast Fibre Switches
Dynamic distribution of high speed signals or real time signals, for
example 4K, 8K or uncompressed HD video
CLM 4x4, 8x8, 2x16 – mechanically based, broadband
Operational band
Insertion loss
Switching speed
Durability
O – L (1310-1600nm)
9, 12, 14 dB
10 ms
107 cycles
CLM 4x8 - non-mechanically based
Operational band C
Insertion loss
14 dB
Switching speed
6ms
Durability MTBF 106 hrs
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Building Blocks of Open WDM Systems
Multicast on Demand Fibre Switches
Switching from 1:1 to multicasting or monitoring with on-fly variable
ratios
CLS/M 8x8, CLS/M 16x16
Operational band C
Insertion loss
4-13, 5-17 dB
Switching speed
3ms
6
Durability MTBF 10 , 5*105 hrs
TX 4k
IN
1
1
OUT 33%
RX 4k
33%
RX 4k
TX 4k
IN
1
1
5%
33%
33%
16
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33%
RX 4k
OSNR
90%
RX 8k
TX 8k
OUT 90%
RX 8k
TX 8k
5%
RX 8k
16
RX 8k
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5%
OSNR
Res
CD
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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking
Building Blocks of Open WDM Systems
Wavelength converters (up to 40Gb/s, multicast option)
Channel (lambda) monitors
Next blocks are continuously developed and improved
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Monitoring of Open WDM Systems
Web based system for optical devices monitoring
Interactive topology map
Display “real-time” device state
Proactive monitoring for NOC
Saves long history to allow trends analysis (e.g.
attenuation)
Supports all CLA devices; future releases will also include
3rd party optical devices
Linux based using Apache, PostgreSQL and SVG
technology
Monitoring is available as CESNET service
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Monitoring of Open WDM Systems
Management SW, screen shot
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Planning Software for Photonic Networks
CESNET worked on conceptualization of networks on
photonic layer (Phosphorus, Deliverable 6.9, http://www.istphosphorus.eu/files/deliverables/Phosphorus-deliverable-D6.9.pdf)
Some HW vendors have proprietary planning SW for
optical transmission systems (we did not find publicly
available information)
Capability of these systems to plan networks with
multivendor equipment is missing
Working on own SW
If you know about any SW, let us know...
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Example of Transmission Costs
Equipment developed for commercial internet providers
Cost of
Consumption
Fibre Lighting
Fiber Leasing
EUR/km/y
10
816
500
Open equipment
Cost of
Consumption
Fibre Lighting
Fiber Leasing
EUR/km/y
3
177
500
Power consumption (expressed by cost) of Open equipment is
significantly lower then in network lighted by equipment
developed for commercial internet providers
Open devices can lower the lighting cost about three times
compared with equipment developed for commercial internet
providers
Availability of open equipment can help to ask other vendors for
high discounts
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Example of consumption savings
The difference in fibre lightning costs is mainly
because of Open system optimization for long span
transmission
The difference in power consumption costs between
Open equipment and equipment developed for
commercial internet providers is about 7 EUR/km/y
That means savings of about 70 000 EUR/y just in
R&E fibre footprint of 10 000 km
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Example of Bidirectional Transmission
Cost over Single Fibre
Fibre pair lease 500 EUR/km/y
Open transmission cost 177 EUR/km/y
Single fibre lease 300 EUR/km/y
Open transmission cost 207 EUR/km/y
Saving of 170 EUR/km/y by single fibre used which
represents saving of about 25%
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Bidirectional Transmission over Single Fibre
+ Pros

Cost – for example 25% saving

Verified in operation – e.g. by SWITCH, CESNET

Higher availability of PoPs (two topologically diverse single fibre lines are
more reliable than one fibre pair line)

Sufficient for lines without (expected) high demand for bandwidth
- Cons

Half number of available channels
 C band@100GHz
32->16 or 40 ->20
 C band@50GHz
80 -> 40
 C+L band@50GHz 160 -> 80

Slightly complicated HW – combination, split

Slightly difficult debugging - reflections
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Conclusions
Open photonic systems exist and are continuously developed
including their management SW
Open system optimization for long span transmission systems
can cut down lambda transmission cost and power consumption
cost significantly when compared to equipment developed for
commercial internet providers
Single fibre utilization can offer additional important saving from
transmission cost
The power consumption cost of system with modern photonic
transmission equipment IS an advantage if considered in large
scale
In long term perspective, relative prices of equipment are
decreasing, new equipment developed for commercial internet
providers can be less expensive and new open photonic
equipment can be also less expensive: you should always
compare before decision
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Acknowledgement
Jan Gruntorád, Lada Altmanová, Miroslav Karásek,
Martin Míchal, Václav Novák, Karel Slavíček, Stanislav
Šíma
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Thank You for attention!
Q&A?
vojtech (at) cesnet (dot) cz
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List of Acronyms 1
ASE
CD
CS-RZ
CW
DCF
DFG
DPSK
DSF
DWDM
EDFA
FBG
FWHM
FWM
GE
GTE
HD
HNLF
LAN
MAN
MMF
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Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Chromatic Dispersion
Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero
Continuous Wave
Dispersion Compensating Fibre
Difference Frequency Generation
Differential Phase Shift Keying
Dispersion Shifted Fibre
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier
Fibre Bragg Grating
Full Width at Half Maximum
Four Wave Mixing
Gigabit Ethernet
Gires-Tournois Etalon
High Density
Highly Non Linear Fibre
Local Area Network
Metropolian Area Networks
Multi Mode Fibre
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List of Acronyms 2
MZI
Mach Zhender Interferometer
NF
Noise Figure
NIL
Nothing in Line
NREN
National Research and Educational Network
NRZ
Non Return to Zero
NZDSF
Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Fibres
OA
Optical Amplifier
ODB
Optical Duo Binary
OEO
Optical-Electrical-Optical
OOK
On-Off Keying
OSNR
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
PC
Personal Computer
PCI-X
Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended
PDFA or PrDFA Praseodymium (Pr) Doped Fibre Amplifier
PIC
Photonic Integrated Circuit
QoS
Quality of Services
REN
Research and Educational Network
RFA
Raman Fibre Amplifier
RZ
Return to Zero
SBS
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
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List of Acronyms 3
SC
SMF
SNR
SOA
SSMF
TCP/IP
TDFA
TDM
WAN
WDM
XFP
XGM
XPM
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Super Continuum
Single Mode Fibre
signal to noise ratio
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Standard Single Mode Fibre
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Thulium (Tm) Doped Fibre Amplifier
Time Division Multiplexing
Wide Area Network
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable
Cross Gain Modulation
Cross Phase Modulation
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References 1
[1] Petr Holub, Josef Vojtech, Jan Radil, et. al., „Pure Optical
(Photonic) Multicast“, GLIF 2007 Demo, Prague, 2007.
[2] Jan Radil, Stanislav Šíma, „ Customized Approaches to Fibrebased E2E Services“, TERENENA 1st E2E Workshop, Amsterdam,
2008.
[3] Stanislav Šíma, et. al., „ LTTx: Lightpaths to the application,
From GOLEs to dispersed end users “, GLIF 2008 Workshop,
Seattle WA, 2008.
[4] Josef Vojtěch, Jan Radil, „Transparent all optical switching
devices in CESNET“, 25th APAN meeting, Honolulu HI, 2008.
[5] Radil J., Vojtěch J., Karásek M., Šíma S.: Dark Fibre Networks
and How to Light Them, 4th Quilt Optical Networking Workshop,
Fort Lauderdale FL, 2006.
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References 2
[6] www.seefire.org, Deliverables
[7] czechligh.cesnet.cz, Publications
[8] Global Lambda Integrated Facility, http://www.glif.is
[9] Vojtěch J., „CzechLight and CzechLight amplifiers“. In: 17th TFNGN meeting, Zurych, Switzerland, April 2005
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Transmission Systems
a little bit of history
1st. and 2nd. generation

MM 850nm, SM ITU-T G.652 1310nm, reach increase - regeneration
3rd. generation

SM 1550nm, reach increase - regeneration, (DSF ITU-T G.653)
4th. generation, introduction of WDM, real breakthrough - huge
bandwidth increase

Amplification - EDFA, (development 80’s, commercial availability 90’s)

Fibres according G.653 unsuitable due to FWM, introduction of NZDSF
ITU-T G.655
? 5th. gen – predicted in 2000 ultra-broadband O, E, S, C, L, U
(1260-1650 nm), in lab still
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Present Transmission Systems
Common 50/100 GHz systems, C band, approx. 80/40 channels, C+L
band approx. 160 channels
Commercially available 25 GHz systems and e.g. undersea 33 GHz
systems
Why not ultra broadband? - Bandwidth demand satisfied by serial speed
growth
But 10->40G transition (ODB, DPSK) brought strict design rules
100G coherent PM-DQPSK solves some issues

+ Works over 50 GHz grid

+ Design rules almost 10G; CD, PMD electronic compensation

- Sensitive to non-linearities, FWM->DCFs removal->coexistence with present
10G channels?

- Cost of complicated modulation format (TX+RX) + necessity of powerful
DSPs and ADCs
Proposed alternative modulation formats: 16 QAM, OFDM, 3ASK-PSK,…
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100G PM-DQPSK - TX RX proposal
Hopefully will gain from integration
Source: www.oiforum.com
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Wavelength Selective Switch
Wavelength selective switch, degree 4, the principle
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Present Transmission Systems
„Digital“ DWDM system


Profits from photonic integration – photonic integrated circuits
(PIC)
Do not use optical processing (CD, EDFA) but massive OEO
regeneration in each node
DWDM system on chip, source: Infinera
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