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3D Analyst
3D Analyst
3D Scenes
Triangulated Irregular Network
Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) Structure
•Defined by two elements: a set of input points
with x,y, and z values, and a series of edges
connecting these points to form triangles.
•Each input point becomes the
node of a triangle in the TIN
structure, and the output is a
continuous faceted surface
of triangles.
Resultant TIN
TIN Zoomed
Drape Features to TIN
Extrude 3D Features
•3D buildings includes 3D heights
Buildings draped to TIN and
extruded
Observer and Target Locations
Target
Observer and Target Locations
Observer
Navigate a Scene
Navigate button
Flythrough a Scene
Choose Fly button
and slowly move mouse
•Left mouse: increases speed
•Right mouse: decreases speed
•ESC: stops flight
3D Symbols
Start with 2D point symbols (street trees)
3D Symbols
Add layer and display (drape) in ArcScene
3D Symbols
Swap with 3D Symbol
3D Symbols
Resultant layer with 3D symbols
Line of Sight Analysis
Lines showing visibility (green) and
obstruction (red)
ArcGlobe
Other 3D Examples
Steepest-path analysis
•Flow of liquid from a certain point
Elevated Blood Level Example
Other 3D Examples
3D Representation of Land
Value Totals by Tax Map
Grid, Concord, North
Carolina, USA
Other 3D Examples
North Macadam Development Concept—Floor Area
Ratio Massing Study, City of Portland Bureau of
Planning
.
Spatial Analyst
Poverty Risk Model
Model for Risk Index
Poverty study looking at multiple criteria
•Population below poverty income line
•Female headed household with children
•Population with less than HS education
•Workforce who are unemployed
Improper linear model for poverty
•Calculate Z-score values
-Data selected by subtracting the mean and
dividing by the standard deviation for above
variables, then averaging them
Risk Model Base Layers
Block Groups
•NoHighSch2 (ho high school degree)
•Male16Unem (males in workforce who are
unemployed)
•Poverty (population below poverty income)
Blocks
•FHH (female headed households with children)
Why Spatial Analyst?
•Study needs a large scale analysis
- block level
•Pittsburgh has 7,466 blocks
-Difficult to use vectors at different scales
-Best to use block centroids
•Need a different type of map
- raster map
- deals with continually changing
variables
Spatial Analyst Primary Features
Data analysis
•
Allows rapid generation of maps that are based
on complex statistics
Surface modeling
•
Creates predicted surface (grid maps) from
unmeasured points based on statistical
analysis of measured points
Raster Maps
•Rectangular arrays of very small,
uniform squares analogous to pixels in
an image file
-Cells are uniform and not dependent on original
vector size (e.g. tracts, block groups, blocks)
•Value in a cell (e.g. population, other
census variables)
Kernel Density Smoothing
•Point shapefiles of census block
centroids
•Produces a smoothed, mean surface
for the designated values
•Two parameters
-Based on map scale and detail level
-Cell Size
-Search radius
Risk Model Base Layers
Difficult to represent using vectors
Kernel Density Layers
Create kernel density layer for first input
•FHH by blocks
Poverty Index Model
Poverty Index Model with one layer
Kernel Density Results
Kernel Density Layers
Create kernel density layer for second input
•NoHighSch by block group
Kernel Density Results
Other Layers
Calculate Statistics
Improper or Unweighted Linear Model
Robyn Dawes, “The robust beauty of improper linear models in
decision making,” American Physcologist, Vol 34, pp 571-582
Calculating Z-score values
Data is scaled by subtracting the mean and dividing
by the standard deviation) for the above-mentioned
variables and averaging them.
Map Algebra
Model with all variables
Resulting Poverty Map
Student Project
FOOD BANK
Greater Pittsburgh Community Food Bank
• Non-profit organization, Duquesne,
PA
• Collects and distributes 18 million
pounds of food per year to over 350
member organizations
-Soup kitchens
-Food pantries
-Shelters
-After school programs
-Senior high rises, etc.
Food Bank Research Question
Are our distribution locations in areas of
need?
Advanced GIS spatial analyst tools used
•8 U.S. Census variables
-Combined to form the single, composite indicator
layer
-Scale based on the combination of un-weighted
Z-scores (mean and standard deviation) of each
factor
Low Risk
Medium Risk
High Risk
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
High Risk Poverty “Hot Spots”
“Hot Spots” and Distribution Centers
Low Risk
Medium Risk
High Risk
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1,500’ Buffer Zone
Extract Raster Value Points
Extraction Toolset
•Extracts raster value (high/low risk) to points
(distribution locations)
Member Agencies Serving High
Risk Areas
Agency Name
Action-Housing-Youthbuild
Addison Terrace Resident FP
BTC Center Inc.
Bedford Dwellings Food Pantry
Bedford Dwellings Afterschool
East Hills High Rise
FFC-Addison Afterschool Prog.
Good Samaritan COGIC FP
Good Samaritan COGIC OS
Second East Hills Afterschool
St. Clair Emergency Food Ctr
St. Clair Em. Afterschool Prog
Addison Terrace Farm Stand
Bedford Dwellings Farm Stand
Northview Heights Comm Pantry
Northview Heights After School
The NorthShore Commun. Allianc
The NorthShore Commun. Allianc
Shipping Address
2237 East Hills Drive
2136 Elmore Square
7241 Race Street
2305 Bedford Avenue
2217 Bedford Avenue
2360 Bracey Drive
2136 Elmore Square
1030 N. Lang Avenue
1030 N. Lang Avenue
2291 Wilner Drive
930 Cresswell Street
930 Cresswell Street
2136 Elmore Square
2411 Bedford Ave.
101 Hazlett Street
101 Hazlett Street
816 Tripoli Street
816 Tripoli Street
Agency Type Raster Value
SENIOR
12
PANTRY
12
PANTRY
12
PANTRY
12
SCHOOL
12
PANTRY
12
SCHOOL
12
PANTRY
12
SOUP KITCHEN
12
SCHOOL
12
PANTRY
12
SCHOOL
12
NONMEM
12
NONMEM
12
PANTRY
12
SCHOOL
12
SENIOR
12
PANTRY
12
Member Agencies Serving High
Low Areas
Member Agency Name
Circle C - Patak House
Estelle Cambell Boys & Girls
Glen Hazel Tenant Council
Hazelwood YMCA Child Care FP
Hazelwood YMCA Child Care O/S
Salvation Army-Social Service
Salvation Army-West Side
Salvation Army-West Side A/S
Shepherd's Heart Fellowship
SIDS of PA
Smithfield United Presbyterian
S.O.A.R. - Bethlehem Haven
Squirrel Hill Food Pantry
St. Catherine of Siena Church
Tadiso Incorporated
Youth Places/Tides Center
Hazelwood YMCA Farm Stand
Lincoln Place Church of the Na
Lynn Williams
Miryam's
Most Holy Name Church
Renaissance Ctr-Liberty Place
Safe Haven
Seton Brookline Farmstand
Shipping Address
1105 Island Avenue
4600 Butler Str
948 Johnston Avenue
4713 Chatsworth Avenue
4713 Chatsworth Avenue
1323 Forbes Avenue
1821 Broadhead Fording Road
1821 Broadhead Fording Road
13 Pride Street
810 River Avenue
620 Smithfield Street
1323 Forbes Avenue
5842 Forward Avenue
1907 Broadway Avenue
1425 Beaver Avenue
2934 Smallman Street
4713 Chatsworth Avenue
114 W. Eugene Avenue
3710 Brighton Road
1410 Fifth Avenue
1700 Harpster Street
955 Liberty Place
8701 Bricelyn Street
1900 Pioneer Avenue
Agency Type Raster Value
GROUP HOME
1
SCHOOL
1
PANTRY
1
PANTRY
1
SCHOOL
1
PANTRY
1
PANTRY
1
SCHOOL
1
GROUP HOME
1
PANTRY
1
PANTRY
1
GROUP HOME
1
PANTRY
1
PANTRY
1
SOUP KITCHEN
1
SCHOOL
1
NONMEM
1
PANTRY
1
PANTRY
1
GROUP HOME
1
GROUP HOME
1
SOUP KITCHEN
1
SCHOOL
1
NONMEM
1
Other examples
•Presidential Election Maps
-Compares variables of likely voters
•Heart Attack Prediction Model
-Actual heart attacks (data from 911)
-Likely candidates (census data)
•Others?
Network Analyst
Network Analyst
Solves a variety of problems based on
geographic networks including:
• Routing
-Most efficient travel routes
• Service Areas
-Territories based on travel time
• Closest Facilities
-Closest vehicle or service facility to an incident
• Driving Directions
Routing
Shortest vs. Fastest Paths
Service Areas / Closest Facilities
Areas within a Distance
10 minute walking distance of different bus stops
(service area and network) and which bus routes (find
best route) are serviced by the stops.
Other GIS Tools
Advanced Visualization Tools
-Helps view, project,
analyze, and understand
potential alternatives and
impacts via visual
exploration and
alternative scenarios
-Experiments with
hypothetical scenarios,
challenge assumptions
on the fly
-Encourages participation
and collaboration by
engaging users and
public audiences via
visualization and
interactive participation.
Community VIZ
• Community VIZ http://www.communityviz.com
Criterion Planners
•INDEX http://www.crit.com
TerraSim, Inc.
•CMU Spin-off
•TerraTools 3D GIS Visualization Software
•http://www.terrasim.com/
•Transforms raw cartographic and GIS data into
complex 3D visualizations suitable for real-time
driving or flight simulation.
•Easy-to-use interface for its powerful terrain and
feature generation tools, enabling users to rapidly
construct complex geospecific virtual worlds
without tedious manual modeling.
Defense Modeling and Simulation
Intelligence Preparation
Civil Engineering
Schenley Park
Parametric Bridge Models
CMU Campus
Extension Review
•GIS Extension Overview
•Free Add On Applications
•Analysis based extensions
-3D Analyst
-Spatial Analyst
-Network Analyst
•Other GIS Tools