Transcript Notes 3-2:

Notes 3-2:
Looking
Inside Cells
Cells have a job!
• Your cells have many jobs to do.
• The main job of the cell is to make proteins,
which will be used in all of your body’s major
activities.
• Your cells could not do this without the help of
it’s organelles.
• Organelles are small structures within the cells
that carry out specific functions.
• Let’s talk about all of the different organelles
of the cell!
Cell Wall
• Only in plants and some bacteria
• Rigid structure on outside of cell made up of
cellulose
• Provides protection, support, and shape to cell
• NOT in animal cells! (we have a cytoskeleton
inside our cells instead that provides our cells
with a shape)
Plant Cell
Don’t Draw…
Notice the
location of the
cell wall and
the cell
membrane
inside it.
Cell Membrane
• In plants (inside cell wall) and animals (outer
layer)
• Controls what comes in and out of cell
• Helps provide shape and protection of cell
Animal cell
Don’t Draw…
Notice the
location of
the cell
membrane.
Is there a
cell wall?
NO!!
Nucleus
• The nucleus is the cell’s control center,
directing all of the cell’s activities.
•Nuclear Envelope: Protects
Nucleus, has pores to control
what comes in/out of nucleus
•Chromatin: Genetic material
of cell (DNA), provides
instructions to cells to carry
out specific functions
•Nucleolus: makes the
ribosomes (which make the
proteins)
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like fluid within cell
• Contains most of cells major organelles
Mitochondrion
• Mitochondria are known as the
“powerhouses” of the cell because they
convert energy in food molecules to energy
the cell can use to carry out its functions.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the
system of hallways in a building. Proteins and
other materials move throughout the cell by
way of the ER. The spots on this organelle are
ribosomes, which produce proteins.
•The job of the
ER is to modify
(change) the
proteins.
Ribosomes
• Located on the ER and throughout the
cytoplasm
• Site where proteins are made
Golgi Body
• Receive proteins and other newly formed
materials from the endoplasmic reticulum,
package them, and distribute them to other
parts of the cell or out of the cell.
Lysosomes
• Small round stuctures
• Clean up crew of cell
• Contains chemicals to
break down old cell
organelles and release
them to be used again
Vacuoles
ANIMAL CELL
• Storage area for cells
• Store food, waste,
and other materials
• Some animal cells
have small storage
vacuoles
• Only plant cells have
one large vacuole
called a “central
vacuole”
PLANT CELL
Notice the size difference in the
vacuoles between the 2 cells
Chloroplasts
• Only in plant cells
• Green organelles in
cytoplasm
• Capture energy from
sun to make food for
plants (photosynthesis)
• Make the leaves green
Cells are specialized
• Cells have different structures (like shape) to
perform a variety of functions
• Not all cells look the same or do the same task
Nerve cells have long extensions
to carry signals throughout body.
Can you see the nucleus?
Red blood cells are flat so they can carry oxygen
through blood vessels. White blood cells are more
round and hold chemicals to fight infections.
Let’s Review!
• Do animal cells
have cell walls?
No!
• What is the
function of the
mitochondria?
Provide energy
to the cell.
Let’s Review!
• Where is the cells
DNA located?
In the nucleus
• What types of
cells have
chloroplasts?
Plant cells
Let’s Review!
• What is the main
goal of the cell?
(What is the cell
producing?)
Proteins
• What is the
function of the
ribosomes?
It’s the site
where proteins
are made