Transcript Ocean Review

WATER REVIEW
OCEANS
S6E3 & S6E5
WHAT IS THE RATIO OF FRESHWATER TO SALTWATER
ON EARTH?
A. 50% FRESH: 50% SALT
B. 30% FRESH : 70% SALT
C. 3% FRESH: 97% SALT
D. 50% FRESH: 50% SALT
C. 3% FRESH: 97% SALT
ANOTHER NAME FOR DISSOLVED SALT IS _____.
(Water)
(Salt)
SALINITY
ALSO KNOWN AS SALINE
WHAT IS THE AVERAGE SALINITY
(% OF DISSOLVED SALT)
IN OCEAN WATER?
3.5%
WHAT IS THE ULTIMATE SOURCE OF THE SALT &
MINERALS IN THE OCEANS?
A. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
B. ROCKS & MINERALS DISSOLVED IN RIVER WATER
C. ALL OF THE ABOVE 
WHAT GASES ARE DISSOLVED
IN THE OCEAN WATER?
OXYGEN
&
CARBON DIOXIDE
WHAT DOES SALT DO TO THE OCEAN WATER?
A. LOWERS THE FREEZING POINT
B. MAKES SEAWATER MORE DENSE
C. CREATES GREATER BUOYANCY – FLOAT HIGHER
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
YES! ALL OF THESE!
A. LOWERS THE FREEZING POINT
B. MAKES SEAWATER MORE DENSE
C. CREATES GREATER BUOYANCY – FLOAT HIGHER
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
THE SPIN OF EARTH ON ITS AXIS MAKES WINDS &
WATER APPEAR TO CURVE.
WHAT IS THIS CALLED?
THE CORIOLIS EFFECT
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE =
WATER MOVES CLOCKWISE
(TO THE RIGHT)
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE =
WATER MOVES COUNTER
CLOCKWISE (TO THE LEFT)
YES! BOTH OF THESE!
MAGMA/LAVA IS MELTED ROCK…MADE OF
MINERALS
RIVERS ERODE ROCKS (& MINERALS) AND CARRY
THEM INTO THE OCEANS
A. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
B. ROCKS & MINERALS DISSOLVED IN RIVER WATER
C. ALL OF THE ABOVE 
TRUE OR FALSE?
SALINITY AFFECTS THE DENSITY & FREEZING POINT
OF WATER
TRUE!
SALT MAKES WATER MORE DENSE (MORE PARTICLES
ARE IN THE WATER)
SALT LOWERS THE FREEZING POINT OF WATER
WHAT IS THE MOST ABUNDANT SALT IN OCEAN
WATER?
SODIUM CHLORIDE
NaCl
WHAT IS THE CORRECT ORDER OF THE WORLD’S
OCEANS FROM
LARGEST TO SMALLEST?
PACIFIC
ATLANTIC
INDIAN
SOUTHERN
ARCTIC
WHICH AREA BELOW IS LIKELY TO HAVE THE LOWER
SALINITY?
A. A WARM TROPICAL GULF
B. WHERE A RIVER EMPTIES INTO AN OCEAN
WHY?
B. WHERE A RIVER EMPTIES INTO AN OCEAN
REMEMBER…ADDING FRESHWATER
LOWERS SALINITY
RIVERS = FRESHWATER
PRECIPITATION = FRESHWATER
WHERE WOULD THE SALINITY OF THE OCEAN BE
HIGHER?
A. THE COLD ARCTIC OCEAN
B. THE MIDDLE OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
WHY?
A. THE COLD ARCTIC OCEAN
REMEMBER…TEMP. MATTERS!
SALT IS LEFT BEHIND IN
HOT AREAS = EVAPORATION
COLD AREAS = FREEZING
A RUSH OF WATER THAT FLOWS OUT TO SEA IN AN
OPENING IN A SANDBAR IS CALLED A
______________. THESE CAN BE VERY DANGEROUS,
SO LOOK FOR SIGNS THAT THEY ARE THERE & SWIM
PARALLEL TO THE SHORE IF YOU GET CAUGHT IN
ONE.
RIP CURRENT
WHAT CAUSES TIDES?
THE PULL OF THE EARTH’S WATERS IS CAUSED BY THE
GRAVITATIONAL PULL OF THE MOON & THE SUN.
TIDES ARE THE RISE & FALL OF THE WATER ON THE
COASTLINES
WHAT DO WE CALL THE DAILY TIDES?
(12 HOURS APART…THEY ALTERNATE)
HIGH TIDE
&
LOW TIDE
WHAT DO WE CALL THE MONTHLY TIDES?
WHEN DO THEY HAPPEN?
(DURING WHAT PHASES OF THE MOON)
SPRING TIDE
(DURING
FULL MOON & NEW MOON
STRAIGHT LINE PULL)
&
NEAP TIDE
(DURING
1ST QUARTER & 3RD QUARTER
MOONS
90º ANGLE POSITONS)
IF A SAILBOAT IS TRAVELING AROUND THE WORLD
WITHOUT A MOTOR, WHAT CAN HELP TO MOVE IT
ALONG, OTHER THAN WINDS THAT BLOW THE SAILS?
CURRENTS
FUN FACT:
COLD OCEAN CURRENTS CAN
START TO MOVE NEAR THE POLES
BECAUSE COLD, DENSE WATER SINKS.
WHAT COMMON CAUSE DO
WAVES AND SURFACE CURRENTS HAVE?
THEY ARE BOTH CAUSED BY WIND
WHAT IS FORMED
AS ENERGY
IS TRANSFERRED FROM
WIND BLOWING
THROUGH THE WATER?
WAVES
WHAT 3 FACTORS
AFFECT THE
SIZE OF WAVES?
(THINK…THIS HAS TO BE ABOUT WIND…)
1. STRENGTH OF THE WIND
2. LENGTH OF TIME THE WIND BLOWS
3. DISTANCE OVER WHICH THE WIND BLOWS
WHEN A TSUNAMI HITS SHORE, WHAT PART OF THE
WAVE IS MOST DESTRUCTIVE?
A. TROUGH
B. WAVE LENGTH
C. WAVE HEIGHT
C. WAVE HEIGHT
WHAT DO WE CALL A WAVE AT THE BEACH ?
(THE KIND SURFERS RIDE OR YOU JUMP WHEN
PLAYING IN THE WATER)
BREAKER WAVES
WHEN A WAVE APPROACHES THE SHORE IN
SHALLOWER WATER, THE WAVE LENGTH DECREASES,
WHILE ITS HEIGHT INCREASES, SO IT TOPPLES OVER
AND CRASHES ON THE BEACH.
FUNFACT:
BETWEEN FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER AREAS,
WHERE THEY “MIX”,
THE WATER CAN BE SOMEWHAT SALTY.
WE CALL THIS BRACKISH WATER
FISHERMEN KNOW TO PAY ATTENTION TO THE
WINDS AND TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER BECAUSE
THE NUTRIENTS THAT FISH NEED WILL COME
TOWARDS THE SURFACE WHEN THIS HAPPENS…
UPWELLING
WINDS BLOW WARM WATER AWAY, SO THE COLD
WATER MOVES UPWARD TO FILL THE SPACE,
BRINGING THE NUTRIENTS & FISH UPWARD
KNOW YOUR OCEANS & BE ABLE TO ANSWER
“TRAVEL” QUESTIONS!
Look at the ocean floor topography diagram from left to right.
A few questions will follow…
WHAT IS THE CORRECT SEQUENCE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR
FEATURES FROM THE SHORE OUT TO THE OPEN OCEAN?
A. CONTINENTAL SLOPECONTINENTAL SHELFMID-OCEAN RIDGE
B. CONTINENTAL SHELFCONTINENTAL SLOPEABYSSAL PLAIN
C. CONTINENTAL SLOPECONTINENTAL SHELFABYSSAL PLAIN
C. CONTINENTAL SHELFCONTINENTAL SLOPEABYSSAL PLAIN
Abyssal Plain
WHICH FEATURE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR IS MOST LIKE
THE GRAND CANYON?
A. ABYSSAL PLAINS
B. OCEANIC TRENCH
C. MID-OCEAN RIDGE
D. CONTINENTAL SLOPE
B. OCEANIC TRENCH
Grand Canyon
WHICH FEATURE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR CAN BE
COMPARED TO A MOUNTAIN RANGE?
A. ABYSSAL PLAINS
B. OCEANIC TRENCH
C. MID-OCEAN RIDGE
D. CONTINENTAL SLOPE
C. MID-OCEAN RIDGE
Mountain Range
WHICH FEATURE OF THE OCEAN FLOOR IS
COMPARED TO THE EUROPEAN PLAINS? 
A. ABYSSAL PLAINS
B. OCEANIC TRENCH
C. MID-OCEAN RIDGE
D. CONTINENTAL SLOPE
A. ABYSSAL PLAINS
Plains: Like The Great Plains, European Plains
PLEASE, STUDY!
REMEMBER…WE ARE GETTING
READY FOR OUR UNIT 4 TEST.
MAKING THE GRADE = ENRICHMENT REWARD
NOT MAKING THE GRADE = REVIEW WORK