Cell Organelles Section 7.2
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Transcript Cell Organelles Section 7.2
CHAPTER 7
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Biology I – 10/23/12
Turn in Vocab Terms
Microscope Lab Day 1 w.s
7.2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Objectives:
Describe
the function of the nucleus
Describe the functions of the major cell organelles
Identify the main roles of the cytoskeleton
7.2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cell organization
Organelles
“little organs”
the specialized
structures within the
cell that perform a
function
Cytoplasm
The
fluid that fills the entire cell
The portion of the cell outside of the nucleus
In
plants and animals
The Nucleus
“Control center” of the cell
Contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA &, with it, the
coded instructions for making proteins and other
important molecules
In plants and animals
Inside the Nucleus
Chromosomes
Looks
like granular material
Contain genetic information/DNA
Inside the Nucleus
Inside the Nucleus
Nucleolus
Small, dense area in
nucleus
Directs the formation of
ribosomes
Ribosomes
Small circles
Make proteins
Found in cytoplasm and
on ER
Rough ER-looks like continuous tubes
Has
ribosomes on its surface
Modifies proteins
Produces proteins that will eventually leave the cell
Smooth ER
No
ribosomes
Has enzymes
makes membrane lipids &
the detoxification of drugs
Golgi Apparatus
Looks like a stack of flat
pancakes
Proteins produced in the
rough ER move here
Modifies, sorts, & packages
materials from the ER
Lysosomes
The “clean-up crew”
Small organelles filled with enzymes
Break down cellular
materials
Lysosomes (cont)
Found mostly in white blood cells
Have been linked to diseases, such as Tay Sach’s
Tay Sach’s is a disorder that is caused by a genetic
defect that prevents the formation of an essential
enzyme that breaks down lipids
These lipids build up in the body and can cause
nerve damage; prognosis is not good
Peroxisome
Look like lysosomes
Contains enzymes such as catalase
Hydrogen peroxide is broken down here
Vacuoles
Large sac-like, membrane
enclosed structures
Storage unit
Larger in plant cells
Pressure allows plants to
support heavy structures
Mitochondria
“Powerhouse” of the cell
Creates cellular energy (ATP)
for the cell to function
Chloroplasts
Capture energy from
the sun & convert it into
chemical energy –
photosynthesis!
Where photosynthesis
occurs
Only in plant cells
Cytoskeleton
helps cells keep its shape
The framework of the cell
Made up of microfilaments
and microtubules
Cytoskeleton