Transcript SPI 0807.9.9

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SPI 0807.9.9
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THE PRESENTATION
Periodic
Table
Instructions: Answer these questions on your paper
 What is the chemical symbol for gold?
 How many protons does each atom of gold have?
Periodic table: Silly Image (Gold Fish)
17, 2013
Quick
Review
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table

Periodic table
 A chart of all known chemical elements
 Shows all the different types of atoms
Purpose
 To quickly locate a variety of information about a
particular element
How is it organized




Organized into rows called periods
Organized into columns called groups
Arranged in numerical order by the atomic number
Also arranged other ways (metals, nonmetals, metalloids, etc)
Notes
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table

Periods: The rows are called periods, and there are seven of them
Per 1
Per 2
Per 3
Per 4
Per 5
Per 6
Per 7
From period 6
From period 7
Periods
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table

•The period number tells you the number of electron shells
•All elements in the same period have the same number of
electron shells
Notes
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table

The period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom has
Example: Every element in period 2 has 2 electron shells
Per 1
Per 2
Per 3
Per 4
Per 5
Per 6
Per 7
Period 2 (Each element here has 2 electron shells)
Notes

SPI 0807.9.9 (Per Table)
Period Number and Electron Shells
 Below is a model of one boron (B) atom (atomic number-5)
 Notice that it has two electron shells
1st Shell
2nd Shell
Legend
Since it has two shells, it is located in
=protons
the second period of the periodic table
=neutrons
=electrons
x5
x6
Notes
SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table

Again…the period numbers reveals how many electron shells an
atom has
Example: Every element in period 3 has 3 electron shells
Per 1
Per 2
Per 3
Per 4
Per 5
Per 6
Per 7
Period 3 (Each element here has 3 electron shells)
Period Number and Electron Shells
 Below is a model of one sodium (Na) atom (atomic number-11)
 Notice that it has three electron shells
1st Shell
2nd Shell
3rd Shell
x 11
x 12
Legend
Since it has three shells, it is located in
=protons
the third
period of the periodic table
=neutrons
=electrons

SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
Notes
Groups: the columns are called groups (also called families)
There are 18 groups
1
18
13
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17

SPI 0807.9.9
Periodic Table
Notes
The group number (in some cases) can reveal how many electrons
are in the outer most shells. These are called the valence electrons
Example: Every element in group 1 has only 1 valence electron
1
18
13
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
Notes

SPI
0807.9.9
HINT:
Periodic Table
Remember V =V
Vgroup
for vertical
= Vreveal
for valence
electrons
Again, the
number can
the number
of valence electrons
Note: However this only works for groups 1 to 2 and 13 to 18
(see below)
1
18
13
2
This "trick" does not
work with groups 3 to 12
14
15
16
17
For groups 1 to 2:
The group number equals the number of valence electrons
Example: Every element in group two has two valence electrons
For groups 13 to 18:
Subtract 10 from the group number to determine the valence electrons
Example: Every element in group 13 has 3 valence electrons (13-10=3)
1
18
2
13
This "trick" does not
work with groups 3 to 12
14
15
16
17
Group Number and Valence Electronss
 Below is a model of one silicon (Si) atom
 Notice that it has four electrons in the outer shell
In other words it has
4 valence electrons
With 4 valence electrons
it is located in group 14
of the periodic table
x 14
x 14
Legend
=protons
=neutrons
=electrons