Transcript Cell Biology

Cells, Tissues, and Organ
Systems
A guide to Chapter 3, Cells:
Cells
Cells: The basic
units of structure
and function of living things.
Organelles: “Tiny Organs”, The
structures that make up the cell.
The Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells.
 Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things.
 Living cells come only from other living
cells.
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Famous Biologists
Robert Hooke: An English Scientist who
was the first person to view the cell.
Saw dead plant cell walls in the cork.
Coined the phrase “cell”.
 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: A Dutch
merchant who invented the microscope.
First to view living cells.
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More….
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Matthias Schleiden:A German Botanist.
Discovered that all plants are made of plant
cells.
Theodor Schwann: A German zoologist who
discovered that all animals were made up of
animal cells.
Rudolph Virchow: A German physician who
discovered that all living cells come from
other living cells.
Structure and Function of
Cells
Cell Wall: Support and protection, made
of cellulose a non-living material. Only
in plant cells.
 Cell Membrane: Doorway of the cell,
has pores. Controls movement of
materials in and out of the cell.
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Nucleus
Control Center of the Cell; The “brain”.
 Has a Nuclear Membrane surrounding it.
 Contains Chromosomes: They direct all
of the cell’s activities and pass on traits
to new cells.
 Chromosomes have two nucleic acids:
RNA and DNA
 Nucleolus: “Little Nucleus”; produces
ribosomes.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Clear tubular passageways.
 Transportation system that sends
proteins from the nuclear membrane to
the cell membrane and out of the cell..
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Ribosomes
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Protein Factories
Small grain-like
bodies,
Produced in the
nucleolus.
Made of RNA
Most are attached to
the ER.
Mitochondria
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Powerhouse of the
cell.
Supplies most of the
energy to the cell.
Have their own
DNA.
Vacuoles
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Storage Tank of the
cell.
Large, round, water
filled sac.
Larger in the plant
cell.
Stores; food, water
and wastes.
Lysosomes
Cleanup crew for the cell.
 Rare in plant cells.
 Small, round structures.
 Contain digestive enzymes.
 Breaks down food and sends
it to the mitochondria
to be used for energy.
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Chloroplasts
Food producers for the cell.
 Large, irregularly shaped green
structures.
 Contain Chlorophyll, a green pigment
that captures energy from the sun to
produce food.
 Only found in plant
cells.
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Cell Processes
Metabolism: All building up and
breaking down activities of the cell.
 Respiration: When food is broken down
to produce energy (mitochondria).
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– Aerobic respiration: Needs oxygen.
– Anaerobic respiration: Without oxygen
(Fermentation).
More….
Diffusion: The process of molecules
moving from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration.
 Osmosis: The diffusion of water.
 Active Transport: Uses energy to
transport material needed by the cell.
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Cell Specialization:
The arrangement of specialized parts
within a living organism.
 Cells
 Tissues: Made up of similar cells.
 Organs: A group of different tissues.
(heart, lung, muscles, brain, etc.)
 Organ Systems: A group of organs that
work together. (Nervous system)
 Organism: The entire living thing.
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The End
Created by Mrs. Brenner
Exploring Life Science
Prentice Hall