Transcript 4 Matter & Atomic Structure

Matter
and
Atomic
Structure
Section 2.1
Bring Books
Monday
(Homework!)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Elements
Chemical
Symbol
Periods
Groups
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Atoms
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Atomic
Number
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Isotopes
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Mass Number
Ions
Compounds
Ionic Bonds
Covalent
Bonds
Metallic Bonds
4 Phases of Matter
1.
Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. Plasma
Solid
Has
a definite shape
and definite volume
Liquid
Has definite volume
but not shape

Gas
Has no definite shape
or definite volume

Plasma
High
energy
matter
found
in stars

Plasma
Not
found
naturally on
earth
Dangerous to
living things
Molecules
All matter is made of
molecules
 Smallest part of a
substance that still has
the properties of that
substance

Solid
Molecules
are packed
tightly together
Are not free to move
Liquid
Molecules are close
but free to move about

Difference between liquids
and solids
Gas
Molecules are spread
apart

Matter can be changed
from phase to phase by
adding or taking away heat
Matter cannot be
created or destroyed.
Element
Cannot
be broken
down into simpler
substances by physical
or chemical means
92
natural elements?
Found
on periodic table
Elements are made of
atoms
Atom
- Smallest
particle of an element
that has all the
characteristics of that
element
Elements are made of
atoms
Unit 4 Quiz 1
Nucleus
Center of an
atom made
up of protons
and neutrons
Proton
Tiny particle with a
positive charge
Found in
nucleus
Neutron
Electrically
neutral
Found in
nucleus
Electron
Negatively charged
particle
circulating
the
nucleus
Energy level/Electron Cloud
Cloud-like
region where
electrons are found
Atoms Quiz
Atomic Number
Number of protons in
an atom
Elements are organized
by this
Mass number
Number of protons and
neutrons in an atom
Periodic Table Review
Periodic Table Review
Atoms Worksheet
Find
atomic number
using periodic table
Atomic number = # p
#p = # e
Mass # = #p + #n
Isotopes
Atoms
of the same
element with different
mass numbers due to
the number of neutrons
Isotopes
Chlorine
35, Chlorine 37
Elements
are often a
mixture of isotopes that
are averaged to find the
atomic mass
Unit 4 Quiz 2
Chapter Quiz
1. How many natural elements
are there?
2. What is the charge of one
proton?
3. Where in an atom do you
find electrons?
Chapter Quiz
4. How do you find the atomic
number of an atom?
5. How many electrons in silver
(Ag)?
6. What is the mass number of
an atom with 10P 12N 10e
Atomic Mass
Average
of mass numbers
of an elements isotopes
Found
on periodic table
Ions
Atoms
can gain or lose
electrons giving it a
positive or negative
charge
Ions
Gain
1 electron = -1
Lose
1 electron = +1
Ions
 Two
hydrogen atoms meet.
One says, "I've lost my
electron.“
 The other says, "Are you
sure?"
 The first replies...
 “Yes, I’m positive!”
What is the element, mass
number, and charge?
1.
2.
3.
4.
22p,
46p,
74p,
91p,
22n,
44n,
75n,
91n,
22e
46e
75e
89e
Where is table salt on
the periodic table?
It’s
a compound
Compound
Substance
composed of
two or more chemically
combined atoms
Table salt = NaCl
Water = H2O
Most
compounds have
totally different
properties of each
individual atom
Water = H2O
Hydrogen
- gas
Oxygen - gas
Water
- Liquid
Chemical bonds
Forces
that hold
elements together in a
compound
Covalent bonds
Share
electrons
Molecule
- 2 or more
atoms held together by
covalent bonds
Ionic bond
Attractive
charges
between two oppositely
charged ions
+
Na
+
Cl
= NaCl
Metallic bond
In
metals, more than
just atoms next to each
other share electrons
Electrons move freely
between the entire
metal
Elements, Compounds,
Mixtures
Mixture
- two or more
substances physically
combined
Examples?
Mixtures
Soil
 clay,
Sea
sand, rocks
water
 water,
salt, gases
Air
 Nitrogen,
oxygen, vapor
Hunting the elements
VIDEO
A
B
Review in old book
Pg
142 - 143
 Multiple
Choice #2-10
 Completion #2-5,7,8
 True or False #1,3-9
 Skill Building #4
 Essay #1,4