Transcript Slide 1
The Chemistry Of Dirt What is Dirt Made OF? So, How do atoms Hook Together to make compounds and minerals and stuff like dirt? …… Well, I’m Glad you asked That question – But you need to hear a story first!!!! A Story About Earnest Rutherford in 1898 • Who used a led box with a radioactive compound in it to unveil the makeup of the atom. Particle charge mass symbol Alpha 2+ 4 amu a Beta 1- 1/1837 amu b Gamma 0 0 g stopped by Paper foil 1 inch lead Particle symbol mass charge Proton p+ 1.67 x10-27kg (1amu) 1+ Neutron n 1.67 x10-27kg(1amu) 0 Electron e9.11 x 10-31kg 1- position nucleus nucleus outside Atomic number The number of protons and electrons in an atom Atomic Mass The number of protons + Neutrons in an atom Isotope Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons Counting Electrons Total Electrons and Valence Electrons Valence Electrons – number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom The valence Electrons are the only ones used in Bonding Hey, ….. That number matches the group number on my periodic table in a way!!!! Valence Electrons .... .. . . . . . Na . : Cl Se Mg .. .. Na . + .... . : Cl .. . . . . + . Na : Cl .. Ionic Bond bond formed by the giving or taking of electrons Al 3+ 2+ Mg + Na 2- + O Al2O3 + Cl MgCl2 + 3+ N NaN3 Properties of Ionic Compounds Formed from a metal and a non metal Most are soluble in water Form crystalline lattices Covalent Bond bond formed by the Sharing of electrons Properties of Covalent Compounds Formed by two nonmetals Solubility varies The strongest bond bonding pair .. . .. . Br : :Br + .. .. .. . .. . Br : :Br .. .. nonbonding pairs Polar Covalent Bond Bond formed with the unequal sharing of electrons due to one atom being more electronegative Electrongeativity -The attraction an atom has for a pair of shared electrons S+ S- S- More Electronegative Metallic Bond A bond between metal atoms that allows electrons to freely flow throughout the material Relationship Between Bonds Ionic bond Polar Covalent bond Covalent bond