Transcript Document

Cells
Structure and Function
Cell Structure & Function
Cell Part
Function
Plant/Animal/ Both?
Plant
Chloroplast
Provides cell with structure & holds it upright
Separates the cell from the outside
environment
Breaks down food molecules for energy to
sustain the cell
Uses energy from the sun to make food; makes
plants appear green
Vacuole
Stores water and other materials
Ribosome
Where proteins are made in the cell
Digests food particles, wastes and foreign
particles
Jelly-like fluid which holds the organelles in the
cell
Contains DNA and is the control center for the
cell
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Both
Both
Plant
Both (smaller in animal)
Both
Both
Both
Both
How do they eat?
Euglena
Paramecium
Amoeba
Volvox
Autotroph
Photosynthesis through eyespot
Heterotrophic
Using oral groove to pass
food through contractile
vacuole
Heterotrophic
Engulfs food by oozing
Autotrophic
Photosynthesis
Oozing- cytoplasmic
streaming with pseudopods
How do they move?
Flagellum
Cilia
Flagellum
asexually
asexually
asexually
asexually and sexually
alone
alone
colonies
How do they reproduce?
Do they live alone or in
colonies?
alone
Illustration
Asexual
Sexual
1
2
identical
Varied
Rapid
Slow
Budding, Regeneration, Binary Fission
Animals
Starfish, Bacteria, Hydra
Humans and animals
Number of parents
Are offspring genetically identical
or varied?
Rate of reproduction (fast or
slow)
Types of each
Examples of organisms
Mitosis
Meiosis
Haploid
Diploid
2 identical daughter cells
4 sperm
Or
1 egg and 3 polar bodies
One
Two
One
Two
Type of cell (haploid or diploid)
What type of cell(s) does it
produce?
Number of parent cell(s)
Number of cell divisions
The Cell Cycle
I. Interphase- The cell grows, makes a copy of his DNA, and prepares to divide into 2 daughter cells
II. Cell DivisionA. Mitosis1. Prophase-DNA in the nucleus condenses & becomes visible. The membrane around the nucleus
disappears
2. Metaphase- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
3. Anaphase-Chromosomes split and are pulled onto separate sides of the cell
4. Telophase- New nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes. Chromosomes return to
their threadlike form
B. Cytokinesis- Two new daughter cell form. Each are genetically identical to their parent cell, but smaller
Genetics and Punnett Squares
Dominant- describes an allele that determines the phenotype of an individual
organism when two different copies are present in the genotype
Recessive-describes an allele that is not expressed when combined with a
dominant form of the gene
Heterozygous- having different pairs of alleles for the same characteristic
Homozygous-having identical pairs of alleles for the same characteristic
Genotype- the name for the genes an organism has
Example:
In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant to brown fur (b).
Give the genotype of a heterozygous black rabbit: _____________
Give the phenotype of a homozygous brown rabbit: ____________
If a heterozygous black rabbit and a brown rabbit were crossed, what is the
probability that their offspring will be brown? Show your work.