Transcript Cells - FCPS Class Web Pages

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuole
Ribosome
(free)
Chloroplast
Ribosome
(attached)
Cell
Membrane
Nuclear
envelope
Cell wall
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Plant Cell
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome
(attached)
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(free)
Cell
Membrane
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Animal Cell
Compare and Contrast Animal Cells
with Plant Cells
Section 7-2
Animal Cells
Centrioles
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Bacteria
Roundish
Box like
Tiny
NO cell wall
Cell wall
Cell wall
Cell membrane Cell membrane
Cell membrane
Multicellular
Multicellular
One cell
Nucleus
Nucleus
NO Nucleus
Centriole
Chloroplast
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
1.
Cells are organized by the activities they perform.
•Building block - bricks
2.
Similar cells that work together to perform a particular function
make up tissues.
•Bricks joined together to form a wall
3.
Two or more tissues that work together to do a job form an
organ.
•Several walls work together to create a house
4.
Each organ is part of an organ system.
•Many homes together make up a neighborhood
5.
Organ systems, together with other body parts are an organism.
•Neighborhoods, together with other structures create a city
Cells
The structure of a cell may differ depending on its function.
Plant, animal & bacteria cells have some things in common, yet also differ in some aspects.
Tissues
Cells group together in the body to form tissues - a collection of similar cells that group together
to perform a specialized function. There are 4 primary tissue types in the human body:
epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nerve tissue.
Organs
Organs are the next level of organization in the body. An organ is a structure that contains at
least two different types of tissue functioning together for a common purpose. There are many
different organs in the body: the liver, kidneys, heart, even your skin is an organ. In fact, the skin
is the largest organ in the human body and provides us with an excellent example for
explanation purposes.
Organ Systems
Organ systems are composed of two or more different organs that work together to provide a
common function. There are 10 major organ systems in the human body.
Organism
All of the functions of living organisms actually occur at the cellular level as well(breathe, digest,
reproduce…)
Plants, animals, insects, bacteria… Read pages 6-11
•The great diversity of life is a result of many factors
both internal & external to organisms.
•Even the most different of organisms are
fundamentally more alike than different. Their
seemingly great differences conceal the great
similarities apparent at the cellular level.
•Classification systems do not exist in nature but are
created by scientists to describe the vast diversity of
organisms and to suggest relationships among living
things.
Cell Review
1. Can you name the 5 levels of organization?
2. Can you give an example of each level?
3. Can you explain why a horse and a human
are more alike than different?
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM
Nerve
Nerve
Brain
Nervous
Plants
Skin
Connective
Skin
Digestive
Animals
Muscle
Muscle
Heart
Muscular
Bacteria
Fat
Epithelia
Stomach
Immune
Endocrine
Circulatory
Reproductive
Skeletal
Respiratory
Excretory
• A horse and a human are different in many ways
but since both are Multicellular organisms they
both have bodies that are organized into different
levels of organization – cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems. All living things, including horses and
humans are made up of cells. Both horses and
humans have cells that are grouped together in
tissues like the connective tissue. In both horses
and humans, the tissues are parts of organs like the
heart or stomach. Finally, both organisms have
organ systems like their digestive or circulatory
systems.
Animal Cells
•Do not have a cell
wall
•Do not contain
Chloroplast/Chloroph
yll
Plant and Animal Cells
•Found in Multicellular
organisms
•Contain a Nucleus
•Have specialized cells
that perform different
tasks
All 3 Types of Cells
•Found in all living things
•Are the Basic Units of Life
•Come from other cells
•Have a Cell Membrane
Bacteria Cells
•Does not contain a nucleus
•Smaller
•Are single celled organisms
Plant Cells
•Rigid Structure due to
a cell wall
•Contain
Chloroplast/Chlorophyll
Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?
a.
Only plants are composed of cells.
b.
All cells are produced from other cells.
c.
Cells can be produced from nonliving matter.
d.
Cells are one of several basic units of structure and function in living things.
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
a.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
b.
All cells are produced from other cells.
c.
Only animals are composed of cells.
d.
All living things are composed of cells.
The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about
a.
plants.
b.
skin.
c.
animals.
d.
cells.
Cells in many-celled organisms
a.
all look the same.
b.
all have the same structure.
c.
are often quite different from each other.
d.
are the same size in every part of the organism.
What are cells?
a.
the smallest units of matter
b.
tiny organisms found in water
c.
invisible organisms that make up all living things
d.
the smallest units that can carry out the activities of life
What scientific development was most responsible for the development of the cell theory?
a.
the invention of cork
b.
the discovery of ribosomes
c.
the discovery of animalcules
d.
the invention of the microscope
Why are cells considered the fundamental units of life?
a.
Because cells are the smallest units of matter.
b.
Because cells are tiny organisms found in water.
c.
Because cells are invisible organisms that make up all living things.
d.
Because cells are grouped together in cooperative systems with specific functions.
Choose the words that best complete the sentence.
All cells must obtain _____, remove waste products, and _____ in order to stay alive.
a.
DNA, grow
b.
energy, move
c.
DNA, reproduce
d.
energy, reproduce
I can see cells with a/an
a.
eyeglasses
b.
Hand lens
c.
Electron microscope
d.
Compound microscope
How are bones in animals related to cell walls in plants?
a.
They provide oxygen.
b.
They provide support.
c.
They provide nutrients.
d.
They provide water.
Which group contains ONLY things made of cells?
a.
skin, pear, oxygen
b.
DNA, bone, spider
c.
tree, water, dog
d.
lung, flower, cow
If a cell has a nucleus, cell wall, and cytoplasm, it is most likely from a
a.
Human brain
b.
Beetle leg
c.
Maple leaf
d.
Hawk feather
A flower and bacteria are DIFFERENT because only a flower
a.
Will reproduce
b.
Has many cells
c.
Can get rid of waste
d.
Lives on land
Cells look different because they
a.
Are parts of body tissues
b.
Are in different parts of the body
c.
Have different functions
d.
Come from different organisms
Multicellular organisms contain different levels of organization such as tissues, organs, cell
structures, and organ systems. Which of these is made up of ALL the others?
a.
Cell structures
b.
Organ systems
c.
Organs
d.
Tissues
A kitten has doubled in size after a month. Which answer BEST explains the kitten’s change in
size?
a.
The parts of the kitten’s body have stretched out
b.
The number of cells in the kitten’s body increased
c.
The cells in the kitten’s body grew larger as it aged
d.
The kitten’s body absorbed the food it ate
Which of the following is a learned behavior
a.
a grasshopper jumps when its touched
b.
a spider spins a web to catch its prey
c.
a chamelon changes color to blend in with its surroundings
d.
a dog goes to his food bowl to eat when a bell is rung
Which is the best example of instinctive behavior
a.
A horse stops when told whoa
b.
A bird avoids an insect that has a bad taste
c.
A chick pecks its way out of the shell
d.
A monkey uses a stick to pulls bugs out of a mound
Which stimulus most likely causes birds to begin to migrate
a.
Wind speed and direction
b.
Temperature and daylight
c.
Availability of shelter
d.
Sources of fresh water
Worms like the dark. How would you expect them to respond to light.
a.
Burrow under the soil
b.
Crawl around the pan
c.
Stay where it was placed
d.
Crawl out of the pan
Structures inside cells that perform a particular function for the cell
a.
nuclei.
b.
tissues.
c.
organelles.
d.
organisms.
Which of the following is a single cell?
a.
Circulatory System
b.
heart
c.
bacteria
d.
muscle
Which does not describe plants responding to a stimulus from their environment
a.
Roots emerge from a seed and grow down into the soil
b.
The plant leans towards the sunny window.
c.
The leaves curl up and turn brown when not watered
d.
The plant produces leaves in groups of three leaflets
Which of the following is a tissue
a.
Circulatory system
b.
heart
c.
muscle
d.
skin
Similar cells that work together to perform a particular function in the body make up
a.
nuclei.
b.
tissues.
c.
organelles.
d.
organisms.
Two or more tissues that work together to do a particular job are called
a.
a cell.
b.
a brain.
c.
a muscle.
d.
an organ.
The largest organ in the human body is
a.
lungs
b.
stomach
c.
intestines
d.
skin
True or False: Scientists agree that multicellular organisms are more alike than different
a.
false
b.
true
Two or more tissues that work together to do a particular job are called
a.
a cell.
b.
a brain.
c.
a muscle.
d.
an organ.
Skin is an example of a/an
a.
nuclei.
b.
organ.
c.
tissue.
d.
organism.
On a cellular level, is a trout like an elephant?
a. Yes
b. No
Within multicellular organisms, there are 5 levels of organization
a.
true
b.
false
A unicellular organism is
a.
A living thing inside a cell
b.
A living thing outside a cell
c.
A living thing made of one cell
d.
A living thing made of many cells
Order from simplest to most complex
a.
Cells, Organs, Organ Systems, Tissues
b.
Cells, Organs, Tissues, Organ Systems,
c.
Cells, Organ Systems, Organs, Tissues
d.
Cells, Tissues, Organs ,Organ Systems
Which of the following is made up of all the others?
a.
Cells
b.
Tissues
c.
Organs
d.
Organ systems
Cells might look different because
a.
They have different functions
b.
They are located in different areas of a body
c.
They come from different organisms
d.
They make up tissues
What is the function of a cell membrane?
a.
To protect and support the cell.
b.
To perform different functions in each cell
c.
To control what enters and leaves the cell.
d.
To form a hard outer covering for the cell.
A multi-cellular organism is
a.
A living thing inside a cell
b.
A living thing outside a cell
c.
A living thing made of one cell
d.
A living thing made of many cells
Specialized cells
a.
Don’t exist
b.
Are too small to see
c.
Have no job to perform
d.
Have a specific function
Specialized cells
a.
Have no structure
b.
Have a structure that helps the cell perform its job
c.
Have no job to perform
d.
Have a structure that doesn’t help the cell perform its job
In the process of _______, the cell nucleus divides.
a) mitosis
b) osmosis
c) cell growth
d) making proteins.
______ are the fundamental units that perform the basic functions needed to sustain live.
a) Cells
b) Tissues
c) Organs
d) Organ systems
According to the theory of plate tectonics, what may form where plates move together?
a.
valleys
b.
plateaus
c.
trench
d.
mountains
Why do most major earthquakes in the United States occur in California and Alaska?
a.
These states are located on a plate boundary.
b.
These states have more convection currents in the mantle.
c.
These states are closer to the Pacific Ocean than other states.
d.
These states have buried sand deposits that make the ground weak.
In the process of _______, the cell nucleus divides.
a) mitosis
b) osmosis
c) cell growth
d) making proteins.
______ are the fundamental units that perform the basic functions needed to sustain live.
a) Cells
b) Tissues
c) Organs
d) Organ systems
What is the function of a cell wall?
a.
To protect and support the cell.
b.
To perform different functions in each cell
c.
To control what enters and leaves the cell.
d.
To prevent oxygen from entering the cell.
What is the function of a cell membrane?
a.
To protect and support the cell.
b.
To perform different functions in each cell
c.
To control what enters and leaves the cell.
d.
To prevent oxygen from entering the cell.
Specialized cells are found only in?
a.
Animals.
b.
Single-celled organisms.
c.
Bacteria.
d.
Multicellular organisms.
The human body has 10 major ______?
a.
Cells.
b.
Tissues.
c.
Organs.
d.
Organ Systems.
What important characteristic do scientists use to group organisms in a species?
a.
The environment in which they live.
b.
Similarities in their appearance
c.
Their eating habits
d.
Their ability to mate with one another
The biosphere is the part of Earth that
a.
Is living.
b.
Has the most living things.
c.
Can support living things.
d.
Is land.
What do you carry the microscope by?
a.
The stage and nose piece.
b.
The stage and base.
c.
The arm and base.
d.
The arm and nose piece.
Which objective do you focus first?
a.
High power
b.
medium-low power
c.
Medium power
d.
Low power
A heart is made up of several layers of tissues, therefore it must be a/an
a.
tissue
b.
muscle
c.
Organ system
d.
organ
A heart is made up of several layers of tissues, therefore the heart tissue contains
a.
organs
b.
Organ systems
c.
Cells
d.
muscles