Transcript The Fundamentals of Green Building

Fundamentals
of Building Green
REVIEW
Green Professional Building Skills Training
G|PRO
What is the definition of
sustainability?
A way of living that meets the
needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own
needs.
G|PRO
1 WHY GREEN BUILDING?
Page 5
Why is the design and operation
of buildings so important in
relation to sustainability?
Existing buildings use almost 40% of the
energy in the U.S. and by tuning and
optimizing our existing buildings we can go
a long way toward cutting down fossil fuel
emissions and reducing America's energy
use.
G|PRO
1 WHY GREEN BUILDING?
Page 5
What is a green job? Where are
the opportunities for these jobs in
the building industry?
Green jobs are jobs that help to protect and
restore ecosystems, reduce energy consumption,
and minimize waste and pollution. Opportunities
for green jobs can be found in new construction,
retrofitting, and improved operations of existing
buildings and renewable technologies.
G|PRO
1 WHY GREEN BUILDING?
Page 6
What job-site health hazards
does green building address?
• Dust (particulate matter) that can
be harmful to lungs
• Carbon Monoxide that can cause
illness or even death
• VOCs (Volatile Organic
Compounds) that can be very
hazardous to health
G|PRO
1 WHY GREEN BUILDING?
Page 9
What is global climate change,
and how do greenhouse gases
affect it?
Global climate change is the process that has
caused the Earth's surface to steadily warm since
about 1750 (the start of the industrial revolution).
Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, water
vapor, and methane gas trap the earth's heat and
reflect it back to the surface, causing warming of the
Earth and associated climate disruptions.
G|PRO
2 CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSES AND IMPACTS
Pages 11 & 12
What is embodied energy?
The amount of energy required to
bring a product to market. This
includes extraction, manufacture,
transportation, distribution,
installation, and disposal.
G|PRO
2 THE ROAD TO SUSTAINABILITY: THE FOUR R's
Page 30
What is a carbon footprint?
The amount of greenhouse
gases that a process or activity
releases throughout its lifecycle.
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2 CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSES AND IMPACTS
Page 14
How does the burning of fossil
fuels affect global warming?
Every pound of fossil fuel that we burn
contributes to the atmospheric
concentration of greenhouse gases,
such as carbon dioxide (CO2), water
vapor, and methane gas, that trap heat
in the earth's atmosphere.
G|PRO
2 CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSES AND IMPACTS
Page 12
What are the expected
impacts of climate change
on the environment?
• Melting glaciers and rising sea level
• Extreme weather (storms, heat
waves)
• Shifts in plant and wildlife cycles
G|PRO
2 CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSES AND IMPACTS
Pages 14 & 15
Which issues does green
building address in relation
to our use of fresh water?
• Diminishing supply of water
• Water pollution from buildings
• Stormwater runoff
3 OUR NATURAL RESOURCES: SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES
G|PRO
Page 19
Why are forests so important
to maintaining life on
Earth?
• Forests create the oxygen we breathe and
filter pollutants from the air
• They help stabilize the Earth's climate by
absorbing carbon dioxide
• Prevent floods and provide us with natural
resources
3 OUR NATURAL RESOURCES: SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES
G|PRO
Page 21
How do we know that climate
change is happening?
• Global surface temperatures have
increased 0.5 ºF every 10 years since
the 1970s
• 9 of the 10 warmest years on record
were between 1995 and 2006
G|PRO
2 CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSES AND IMPACTS
Page 11
What is sprawl, and how
does it affect farmland?
Sprawl is when a city grows outwards,
creating suburbs that replace farms.
Suburban populations depend on
automobiles for travel, which requires
the paving over of farmland for
highways and other roads.
G|PRO
3 OUR NATURAL RESOURCES: SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES
Page 23
What does the history of
environmental laws tell us
about the cost of cleaning up
our emissions?
It's a lot less expensive than
industry lobbyists would have us
believe.
G|PRO
4 THE HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Page 28
U.S. consumption of which
world resources has
increased?
While Americans make up only 4.5% of the
world's population, we account for nearly
a quarter of the world's energy
consumption. This includes growing use
of fossil fuels, wood, and other natural
resources.
G|PRO
5 THE ROAD TO SUSTAINABILITY: THE FOUR R's
Page 30
What materials are most
effectively recycled and what
are the environmental
benefits of doing so?
Paper, metal (aluminum, steel), and
cement. We use many fewer natural
resources by recycling existing
materials.
G|PRO
5 THE ROAD TO SUSTAINABILITY: THE FOUR R's
Page 33
In what ways are renewable
technologies a better source
of energy than fossil fuels?
Renewable technologies use
pollution-free energy sources, like
the sun and wind.
G|PRO
5 THE ROAD TO SUSTAINABILITY: THE FOUR R's
Page 34
What is the least expensive
yet most effective strategy
for protecting the
environment?
Reduce consumption.
G|PRO
5 THE ROAD TO SUSTAINABILITY: THE FOUR R's
Page 31
What is the definition and what
are the goals of green building?
A green building is designed and built to reduce
environmental impacts and energy consumption while
contributing to the health and productivity of its occupants.
Goals of green building:
•Highly efficient use of energy, water, and other resources
•Improved health and comfort for the construction team and
building occupants
•Reduced waste and pollution
•Increased building system durability and performance
G|PRO
6 HOW DO WE KNOW IT'S GREEN?
Pages 39 & 40
How is an integrated design
process different from a
typical design process?
• Integrated design encourages building
professionals in different trades to collaborate to
produce a building whose component parts
operate well together.
• Contractors and builders are often involved much
earlier in the process to provide scheduling and
pricing advice.
G|PRO
6 HOW DO WE KNOW IT'S GREEN?
Page 40
Does a green building cost
more than a conventionally
built building?
High performing buildings can be built costeffectively and can cost much less to
operate. Factors such as the grades of
finishes and the equipment used during
construction affect building costs more
than whether or not the building is green.
G|PRO
6 HOW DO WE KNOW IT'S GREEN?
Pages 42 & 43
What are some of the
financial benefits of green
building?
Lower fuel and operations costs over
short periods, as well as higher
occupancy rates, higher sale
prices, and premium rental rates.
G|PRO
6 HOW DO WE KNOW IT'S GREEN?
Page 43
How do energy codes relate to
green building performance?
Energy codes have broad impact
and ensure that projects achieve
the minimum available standards.
G|PRO
7 CODES AND STANDARDS: ENSURING PERFORMANCE
Page 44
What organizations develop the
primary building codes?
• The International Code Council (ICC) prepares
model building and construction codes for
adoption by states and municipalities.
• ASHRAE (American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers)
generates standards used throughout the industry
which are sometimes adopted in local codes.
G|PRO
7 CODES AND STANDARDS: ENSURING PERFORMANCE
Page 45
What are the more common green
product rating systems and what
elements of a building do they cover?
• Energy Star: Energy- and water- efficient
building products and appliances
• WaterSense: Water efficient products
• Forest Stewardship Council (FSC):
Sustainably produced wood and woodwork
• GreenSeal: Labeling for low VOC products
G|PRO
7 CODES AND STANDARDS: ENSURING PERFORMANCE
Pages 45-48
What are the six LEED credit
categories?
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Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Energy & Atmosphere
Materials & Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation and Design
8 APPLYING SUSTAINABILITY: USING LEED CREDITS
Page 49-63
G|PRO
What are the goals of each LEED credit
category?
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Sustainable Sites – Reduce environmental impact of buildings on
local ecosystems.
Water Efficiency – Protect and conserve natural water sources by
reducing water use for building operation and site maintenance.
Energy & Atmosphere – Minimize the effects of atmospheric
pollution associated with energy generation by reducing the amount of
energy required for building operation.
Materials & Resources – Protect and conserve natural resources
and habitat by reducing waste and the need for environmentally
damaging processes related to the extraction, processing, and
transportation of materials and products.
Indoor Environmental Quality – Provide healthy indoor
environments for occupants and construction workers.
8 APPLYING SUSTAINABILITY: USING LEED CREDITS
Pages 49-63
G|PRO
How can the effects of heat
islands be mitigated with green
building design?
• Shading built surfaces with trees
• Using highly reflective materials for paving and
roofs
• Replacing paved surfaces such as parking
lots, roads and roofs with vegetated surfaces
or open-grid paving products
8 APPLYING SUSTAINABILITY: USING LEED CREDITS
Pages 51 & 52
G|PRO
What is the value of
Measurement and Verification
(M&V) for a new building?
It determines how well the
building's energy use agrees with
pre-construction predictions.
8 APPLYING SUSTAINABILITY: USING LEED CREDITS
Page 58
G|PRO
Why is building reuse often a
more sustainable approach
than new construction?
Reusing existing building components
requires the least amount of embodied
energy and reduces waste.
8 APPLYING SUSTAINABILITY: USING LEED CREDITS
Page 59
G|PRO
Why are low-emitting
materials important to
workers and occupants?
VOC's are hazardous to the health of
workers and building occupants.
8 APPLYING SUSTAINABILITY: USING LEED CREDITS
Page 62
G|PRO
Why is CAPP an important part of
the green building construction
process?
A CAPP (Construction Activity Pollution Prevention) Plan
reduces:
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Stormwater runoff
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Soil erosion
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Air pollution (by dust and exhaust fumes)
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Fines for violation of local, state, and federal regulations
G|PRO
9 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY POLLUTION
PREVENTION
How do the Three R's relate to CWM
(Construction Waste Management)
on a green job?
• Reduce demolition to the extent possible by
repurposing existing building components.
• Reuse building components and equipment
on-site.
• Recycle material that must be removed from
the site to the greatest extent possible.
G|PRO
10 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT
Page 72
What are some of the common
job site pollutants and where
do they come from?
• Particulates: From cutting wood,
sanding plaster
• Formaldehyde: Emitted from
particleboard, plywood, OSB, glues
• Mold: From damp environments
G|PRO
11 CONSTRUCTION INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Page 76
What is the value of a
CIAQ Plan?
A CIAQ (Construction Indoor Air Quality)
Plan reduces indoor air quality problems
that result from construction or renovation.
It protects the comfort and well-being of
construction workers and building
occupants.
G|PRO
11 CONSTRUCTION INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Page 75
What are some sample measures that will
ensure a good CIAQ outcome?
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Ventilation: Adequate fresh air supply must be maintained at
the worksite at all times.
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HVAC system protection: Ensure that HVAC system is not full
of dust and pollutants.
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Source Control: Minimize the source of pollutants.
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Pathway Interruption: Keep pollutants from circulating.
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Housekeeping: Clean up as you go.
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Protecting moisture-sensitive materials: Cover equipment
and materials.
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Building Flush-Out: Purge pollutants.
G|PRO
11 CONSTRUCTION INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Pages 76-78
Why is it so important to
commission a building?
• Ensures that the building performs as
designed
• Ensures that building systems work
together
• Ensures substantial monetary and
energy savings
G|PRO
12 COMMISSIONING
Page 81
How does the commissioning
process help trades, building
operators, and occupants?
• Reduces claims of defective workmanship.
• Trains building operators so they can
diagnose operational problems and lower
energy consumption.
• Improves occupant comfort and
productivity.
G|PRO
12 COMMISSIONING
Page 81