Transcript THE CDM LANDSCAPE IN GHANA

THE CDM LANDSCAPE
IN GHANA
Solomon Kojo Quansah
KITE
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
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GHANA’S INITIAL COMMUNICATION
CDM PROJECT CYCLE
GHANA’S DNA STRUCTURE
SD CRITERIA & APPROVAL PROCESS
DNA’s WEBSITE
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Ghana’s UNFCCC and KP Implementation
Efforts
Ghana’s Initial National Communication
– Greenhouse gas emissions inventory
– Vulnerability and adaptation Assessment
• Impacts of Climate on
– Water Resources
– Agriculture
– Coastal Zone
– Mitigation Options
• Reduction of Emissions from Energy
• Enhancement of sink capacity through forest protection and
regeneration
Emissions Profile
GHG EMISSIONS WITHOUT LUCF
14,878
CO2 EQUIVALENT EMISSIONS (Gg)
15,000
14,265
14,500
14,004
13,999
14,000
13,500
13,000
12,673
12,388
12,500
12,267
12,000
11,500
11,000
10,500
10,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
YEAR
1994
1995
1996
Emissions Profile (Net)
NET CO2 EQUIVALENT
EMISSIONS (Gg)
GHG EMISSION WITH LUCF
-1,000
-6,000
-5,411
-4,082
-8,806
-11,000
-16,000
-21,000
-5,971
-15,585
-20,417 -21,191
-26,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
YEAR
1994
1995
1996
Vulnerability and Adaptation
Assessments
• The Netherlands Climate Change Studies
Assistance Programme (NCCSAP 1)
• Impacts of climate change Water
Resources, agriculture and coastal zone
Impacts of Climate Change on Water
Resources in Ghana
• Reduction in flows between 15-20% and 30-40% for
the year 2020 and 2050 respectively in all the basins.
• Irrigation water demand was to increase to about 40%
and 150% for 2020 and 2050 due to climate change
respectively and 5% and 17% without climate change
• Hydropower generation could seriously be affected by
climate change leading about 60% reduction in
available water in all basins by 2020, already is being
felt.
Impacts on Agriculture Production
• V&A was done for cereal production,
specifically for maize, millet, rice and
sorghum
• It was projected that the yield of maize
would decrease to 6.9% in the year 2020.
• The yield of millet, however, would not be
affected by climate change because millet
is more drought-tolerant and therefore
insensitive to temperature rise
Impacts on Coastal Zone
• Direct inundation (or submergence) of low-lying wetland and dry-land
areas
• Erosion of soft shores by increasing offshore loss of sediment, e.g. 3m
per year along the east coast is now occurring
• Increases in salinity of estuaries and aquifers
• Exacerbated coastal flooding and storm damage.
• These impacts will in turn influence coastal habitats, bio-diversity and
socio-economic activities
• Estimated cost of protecting all shorelines (550km) at risk with
populations greater than 10 persons per km2 with seawalls is US$1.14
billion (based on 2000 cost estimates). The protection of only the
important areas, reduces that cost to US$590 million.
Results of Ghana Coastal Zone
Vulnerability Assessment
• It has been estimated that:
– 3.3% of the population within the coastal zone is at
risk as a result of inundation and shoreline recession
and this population is mainly within the east coast,
– In the east coast, the erosion of the shores may be
occurring at an average rate of 3 m per year
– A total of 1,110 km2 of land along the coast
will be lost if nothing is done to protect them.
Most of the affected areas are within the east
coast
What Must Ghana do?
• Remember – the commitment period 2012
is fast approaching
• Ghana has set up the Designated National
Authority (DNA) - EPA.
• The DNA regulations and Approval
Process is far advanced in its
development.
• Some project developers are developing
projects and you need to be a part.
DNA Organizational Structure
EPA, the guidelines and regulations governing project DNA has been
completed awaiting ministerial assent.
Minister
Min. L. Gov. fmly MES
EPA
UNFCC
Secretariat/
EB
CDM
Governing
council
Project
Developers
AD Hoc
technical
Com.
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KITE
….innovating energy solutions….
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DNA Approval-SD Criteria
Social
• Good Governance, Poverty reduction, Creating
employment, Creating economic opportunities, Equitable
access and utilisation of resources, Skill and expertise
development, Access to affordable energy
Economic
• Promote economic growth, Promoting Investments,
Provide macro economic benefits, such as foreign
exchange generation, Equitable access and participation
to economic opportunities
Environmental
• Improve local environment, Local air quality,
Environmental health issues, Sustainable forests
management, Development of environmental friendly
KITE
technologies,
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….innovating energy solutions….
Ghana Approval Process
Rejection/clarific
ation
Submission
of Pin
Develop
project
Review by
Members of
CDMGC/Ad-hoc
committee
Issue LOA
LNO
issued
Review by
CDMCG/AC
Prepare PDD
Submit
verified PDD
Rejection/clarific
ation
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PROJECTS & OPPORTUNITIES
• GOPDC Palm Oil Mill Effluent project: opportunities for bundling being explored
• The Energy Foundation 7 pre-approved
– TOR - Energy Efficiency and Fuel Switching
at Tema Oil Refinery
– ECG/VRA - Fuel Switching from Crude Oil to
Natural Gas as combustion oil for a 100MW
Thermal Power Plant
– Etc
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DNA’s Website
• www.dnaghana.com OR
www.dnaghana.org
• Currently being hosted on
www.kiteonline.net/cdmghana
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THANK YOU
ANY THOUGHTS?
Email:[email protected]
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