Transcript Slide 1

Climate Change Adaptation &
Mitigation in Viet Nam
Roles of Community
Singapore, 25-26 June 2011
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Content
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Climate change and global problem
Viet Nam & Climate Change
Current efforts - Government level
Role of civil society
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1. Climate change and global problem
• The biggest challenge in 21 century
• Basic elements- water, foods, health,
environment.
• 332 millions people could be homeless
• 400 millions people facing malaria
• 600 millions people facing innutrition
• 1,8 billion people facing shortage of
water in 2080
• Serious ecological crisis in South Asia and
North China
• Nick Stern www.sternreview.org.uk
– Annual Cost and risks = 5% GDP
– Expenses on reducing GHGs = 1% GDP .
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Germanwatch – Report on Risk Index of Global
CC 2010
• 10 most vulnerable countries include:
– Bangladesh, Myanmar, Honduras, Viet Nam,
Nicaragua, Haiti, India, Dominican, Philippine and
China
– Low –income countries: The poor suffer most
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1990 – 2008 period:
– 11.000 floods, typhoons, droughts
– 600.000 dead
– Economic loss: US$ 1,700 billions
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2. Viet Nam & Climate Change
• Temperature- on
clearly rising trend
• Rainfall does not
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Most likely and serious Impacts
• 3,000 km
coast line
• Sea level
rises as
the key
impact
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WB report - Problem from CC in Viet Nam
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Sea level rises 20 cm in the last 50 years
500 dead per year
US$ 1.5 billion (1,5% of annual GDP)
80% farmers living in rural areas with agriculture
livelihood
• Threats for millennium objectives, sustainable
development and poverty reduction
• The poor suffer twice
• Vietnam is the second biggest rice exporter
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Coming threats
• Scenario 1: If the rise is 65
cm- 12.8% of Mekong River
Delta will be covered
• Scenario 2: If the rise is 100
cm- 90% of Mekong River
Delta will be covered
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Threats for Viet Nam
• Scenario 2: Sea level rises 33
cm in 2050 and 100 cm in the next
100 years
– 90 % of Mekong River Delta
will be covered. (40,000 sq.
km) .
– 5% of total land will be
covered
– 11% of households become
homeless
– 5% rice production decreased
(5 millions ton)
– 10 % of GDP will be lost
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Flooded streets in Quy Nhon City
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Combination of transportation
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Street becomes the river
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Drought in Quang Tri
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Typhoon in Nam Dinh
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3. Current efforts
Government level
• Policy
– National Strategy of Climate Change Adaptation & Mitigation to
be approved in 2011
• Until 2030:
– Raise awareness, change attitude and behaviour of people towards nature and
social economic development process in climate change context
• 2011 - 2015: Urgent tasks
– Master Plan for social economic development with adaptation with CC for
MeKong River Delta
– Upgrade the system of coastal and river damps
– To settle the flooding situation in big cities
– To protect saline intrusions for the most vulnerable areas related to food security
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3. Current efforts
Government level
• National program on adapting with climate change
launched by MONRE in 2008
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• 2009 – 2010: kick – off
• 2011 – 2015: Implementation
• After 2015: Development
Research & Models
Integration of CC in annual development plan of provinces and ministries
Prioritized areas for immediate intervention include:
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Vulnerable area s including coastline, Hong River and MeKong River Delta
Water resources; Agriculture and food security
Energy; health care,
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Damp building
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3. Current efforts
Government level
• National program on adapting with climate change
launched by MONRE in 2008
– Upgrade the system of coastal and river damp – 50 cm higher,
especially the coastline linked Quang Ngai and Kien Giang
– Plant 300,000 – 350,000 ha of mangrove and other forests
– Efficiency in fresh water resources allocation and use
– Sanitation
– Develop new variety of seeds which better adapt with context of climate
change
– Restructure agriculture production
• Total fund of 2,000 billion VND (100 millions US$).
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Government efforts - Direction
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CC is now priority. “Late is better than never”
Vietnam still poor and vulnerable to climate change
Sustainable development instead of fast growth
Economic development with respect of the rules of natural world and
adaptation with climate change
Reduction of Greenhouse effects
Efficiency in energy use
Limitation in using fossil fuel
Awareness raising & changing attitude and behavior of communities for
adaptation with climate change.
Integration of CC into Master Plan, local SEDP and sectoral development
plan
Environment protection, reforestation
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Reforestation
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Government efforts
• Signed UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
• MONRE appointed as national focal point responsible for activities
related to UNFCCC and KP
• Task forces, including experts for research, project design in the
field of CC
• Scenarios of climate change in Viet Nam in 2010 – 2070
• List of projects for fund raising and technology transfer
• Formulation of Clead Development Mechanism (CDM) – one of 3
mechanisms of KP for sustainable development in Viet Nam through
CDM projects
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Government efforts
For the first time, in
March 2011 MOET
discuss the matter of
climate change into the
main subject in
secondary schools in
2015.
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What is needed from developed
countries
• Transfer new environment friendly technologies
• Cooperation with developing countries in formulating and
implementation CDM projects for sustainable
development and GHGs reduction.
• Financial resources
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4. CC and NGOs & civil society
• Adapt with CC from micro level
• The strategy:
– NGOs & civil society including private sector play important role
in adapting with CC sharing responsibility, initiatives and
resources with the government
– Community – based approaches:
• The community needs
• Awareness raising
• Change attitude and behaviors toward CC
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Network of HR, projects, communities to produce sygnegy
Initiatives:
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Higher productivity in narrower areas
New variety of plants when sea level rises
“in bed with flood”
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Current efforts
NGOs & civil society
• Models at grassroot across the country
(Community-based Climate AdaptationCCA)
 many examples: CB-CRM in Cat Ba
(CRP-KAS), Xuan Thuy (Nam DinhMCD), SDR- in Hue, GTZ in Tra Vinh, etc.
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Temporal damp made from rock
and wood by farmers
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Key message- Involvement of
the community is a must
• Initiatives come from the community as they are
the ones who will suffer and also have many
ideas to adapt
• Government and civil society need to be in place
to facilitate, not the ones who stay
• Examples: a project funded by Viet Nam
Innovation Day in 2010 in Phu Yen province
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Innitiative
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Protect landslide by “New technology” of sea damp made from Vetiver
grass, Spinach and coconut matting
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Idea comes true
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Mr Nguyen Phu Bao
from Green Phu Yen
Company received the
Innovation Day grant of
VND 270 millions
(US$13,500) awarded
by WB for his initiative
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Thank you!
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