Transcript Trust, Risk and Climate Change

US-China Co-operation on Climate Change - the
Role of Intellectual Property
Peter Drahos, ANU
Impacts of Globalization
The Australian Global Studies Research Centre
(AGSRC)
Perth 13-14 August 2009
• The evidence for the warming of the
climate system “unequivocal”
• (IPCC - 2007 synthesis report).
International Energy Agency and the 450
Stabilisation Case
• CCS is assumed to be “widely deployed”
• CO2 emissions peak in 2012
• CCS accounts for 21% of the reduction by 2030
• (See World Energy Outlook 2007, 208)
• China and the US are responsible for
about 34% of all GHG emissions with each
of them emitting about the same.
• Coal dominates China’s energy mix being
responsible for around 70% of its energy
production.
• The US depends on coal for about 25% of
its energy needs (but 37% of its fossil fuel
CO2 emission ).
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Australia Brazil
Canada China
Colombia Denmark
European Commission
France Germany Greece
India Italy
Japan Korea
Mexico Netherlands
New Zealand Norway
Russia Saudi Arabia
South Africa
United Kingdom United
States
• In July 2005, the G-8 Summit endorsed
the CSLF in its Gleneagles Plan of Action
on Climate Change, Clean Energy and
Sustainable Development, and identified it
as a medium of cooperation and
collaboration with key developing
countries in dealing with greenhouse
gases
CSLF Recognized Projects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alberta Enhanced Coal-Bed Methane Recovery Project (Project Completed)
CANMET Energy Technology Centre (CETC) R&D Oxyfuel Combustion for CO2 Capture
CASTOR (Project Completed)
China Coalbed Methane Technology/CO2 Sequestration Project (Project Completed)
CO2 Capture Project
CO2CRC Otway Project
CO2 GeoNet
CO2 Separation from Pressurized Gas Stream
CO2 SINK
CO2STORE (Project Completed)
Dynamis (Project Completed)
ENCAP
Feasibility Study of Geologic Sequestration of CO2 in Basalt Formations of (Deccan Trap) in India
Frio Project
Geologic CO2 Storage Assurance at In Salah, Algeria
IEA GHG Weyburn-Midale CO2 Monitoring and Storage Project
ITC CO2 Capture with Chemical Solvents
Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
Regional Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Storage in China (Project Completed)
Zama Acid Gas EOR, CO2 Sequestration, and Monitoring Project
U.S.-China Memorandum of Understanding to Enhance Cooperation on
Climate Change, Energy and the Environment (July 2009)
• Both countries resolve to pursue areas of
cooperation where joint expertise, resources,
research capacity and combined market size
can accelerate progress towards mutual goals.
These include, but are not limited to:
1) Energy conservation and energy efficiency
2) Renewable energy
3) Cleaner uses of coal, and carbon capture and
storage
Paying for CCS – China’s position
• “there is evidence to suggest that China
will only participate in significant CCS
activities if the other party provides funding
to cover all direct and indirect costs in
China”.
• (IEA, Cleaner Coal in China, 2009)
•
•
•
•
•
•
SEC. 766. UNITED STATES NEGOTIATING OBJECTIVES WITH
RESPECT TO MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL NEGOTIATIONS.
`(a) In General- The negotiating objectives of the United States with respect
to multilateral environmental negotiations described in this subpart are-`(1) to reach an internationally binding agreement in which all major
greenhouse gas-emitting countries contribute equitably to the reduction of
global greenhouse gas emissions;
`(2)(A) to include in such international agreement provisions that recognize
and address the competitive imbalances that lead to carbon leakage and
may be created between parties and non-parties to the agreement in
domestic and export markets; and
`(B) not to prevent parties to such agreement from addressing the
competitive imbalances that lead to carbon leakage and may be created by
the agreement among parties to the agreement in domestic and export
markets ; and
`(3) to include in such international agreement agreed remedies for any
party to the agreement that fails to meet its greenhouse gas reduction
obligations in the agreement.
• SEC. 768. INTERNATIONAL RESERVE ALLOWANCE
PROGRAM.
• `(a) Establishment• `(1) IN GENERAL- The Administrator, with the concurrence of
Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection,
shall issue regulations-• `(A) establishing an international reserve allowance program for the
sale, exchange, purchase, transfer, and banking of international
reserve allowances for covered goods with respect to the eligible
industrial sector;
• `(C) establishing a general methodology for calculating the quantity
of international reserve allowances that a United States importer of
any covered good must submit;
• `(D) requiring the submission of appropriate amounts of such
allowances for covered goods with respect to the eligible industrial
sector that enter the customs territory of the United States;
• SEC. 441. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.
• (10) Any weakening of intellectual property rights protection poses a
substantial competitive risk to U.S. companies and the creation of
high-quality U.S. jobs, inhibiting the creation of new `green'
employment and the transformational shift to the `Green Economy'
of the 21st Century.
• (11) Any U.S. funding directed toward assisting developing countries
with regard to exporting clean technology should promote the robust
compliance with and enforcement of existing international legal
requirements for the protection of intellectual property rights as
formulated in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights, referred to in section 101(d)(15) of the
Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C.3511(d)(15) and in
applicable intellectual property provisions of bilateral trade
agreements.
Australia’s approach to IP in CCS
• Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse
Gas Technologies (CO2CRC)
• CO2CRC has a commercial arm CO2TECH
• CO2TECH is developing a patent portfolio in
CCS.
Cooperation amongst world’s patent offices
JPO
USPTO
EPO
SIPO
German
KIPO
Dutch
UK