Transcript Die neue Agrarpolitik - EESC European Economic and Social

Climate change, renewable
energy, the EU and the world
wide context
Lutz Ribbe (Euronatur),
Member of the Economic and Social Committee
Round Table EU-Brasil July 2009
1
The 10 biggest CO2-producer (2005)
(in million tons – from energy sources: gas, oil, coal)
6526
5327
responsible for 2/3 of the
global CO2-Emission coming
from energy use
use of energy = 80% of GHG sources
2532
1406
982
880
SA
U
a
hi
n
C
ia
us
s
R
pa
n
Ja
ia
*
K
U
In
d
G
er
C
an
a
da
*
ly
m
an
y
611
532
502
Ita
Fr
an
ce
438
3
*= 2002 source: iwr
The 10 biggest CO2-producer (2005)
(in million tons – from energy sources: gas, oil, coal)
6526
Red = G8-member states (so
called `developed countries`)
5327
G8 (13% of global population)
responsible for appr. 45% of the
global CO2 Emission
2532
USA: more than 22%
1406
982
880
source: iwr
SA
U
a
hi
n
C
ia
us
s
R
pa
n
Ja
ia
*
In
d
K
U
m
an
y
G
er
an
a
da
*
ly
C
*= 2002,
611
532
502
Ita
Fr
an
ce
438
4
CO2- Emission (tons/ per capita + year)
21,0
20,0
19,0
18,0
17,0
16,0
15,0
14,0
13,0
12,0
11,0
19,7
18,0
16,7
More than 2 to = unsustainable!!!
10,4
10,2
10,0
9,0
8,0
7,0
6,0
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
8,0
7,5
4,4
3,0
SA
U
ra
l.
us
t
A
C
an
a
da
ia
us
s
R
m
an
y
G
er
)
(2
5
EU
nd
Po
la
W
or
ld
a
hi
n
C
In
d
ia
1,0
5
another source: land use (and
change)
20% of GHG emission worldwide
6
7
unsustainable too!!!
8
land use change …
- Indonesia: still 80 Mio ha of rainforest, every
year they cut 2 Mio ha ( 600 Mio t of
CO2)(=UK)
- Amazonas: 50% or more of the rainforest
might be destroyed by 2030 ( 96 bln t of
CO2)
10
… good for our climate?
- Deforestation/ overuse is happening in many
other countries too
 very unsustainable way of using land
 who makes profit?
 positive regional development?
 environmental damage (forest protects against flood)
 EESC opinion adopted in June 2009
11
Consequences
• dramatic economic consequences, for the
global but also local economy (f.e. private
farmers)
(see Stern report, costs: up to 20% of our GDP)
• People will be directly effected:
– many different health problems (see WHO)
– hurricanes: more often and stronger
– floods (more heavy rainfall, deforestation)
13
a kind of „summary“
1. the developed countries are mainly
responsible for the GHG emissions,
directly or indirectly
2. but: poor people are suffering most!
3. we are at the beginning of new
competition in land use between food, feed
and energy/ biofuel production (and
biodiversity)
(different critical opinions prepared and adopted by the
EESC = role of civil society)
15
Decisions of the EU-summit
• CO2 reduction (EU-summit, march 2007):
• -30% until 2020, if other industrialized
countries contribute in the same way
• “guaranteed”: -20% until 2020
• -60 to -80% until 2050 (basis: 1990)
• ambitious goals! Commission: a new
„industrial revolution“
16
CO2- emission (tons/ per capita) 2005
11,0
10,2
10,0
9,0
8,0
8,0
7,0
6,0
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
Germany
today
EU today
17
2020: EU goal - 30%, Germany - 40%
11,0
10,2
10,0
9,0
8,0
8,0
7,0
6,1
5,6
6,0
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
Germany
today
Germany 2020
EU today
EU 2020
18
2050: goal - 60%
11,0
10,2
10,0
9,0
8,0
8,0
7,0
6,1
5,6
6,0
5,0
4,1
4,0
3,2
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
Germany
today
Germany 2020 Germany 2050
EU today
EU 2020
EU 2050
19
2050: goal - 80%
11,0
10,2
10,0
9,0
8,0
8,0
7,0
6,1
5,6
6,0
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,1
1,6
2,0
1,0
0,0
Germany
today
Germany 2020 Germany 2050
EU today
EU 2020
EU 2050
20
Energy package
• 20% of all energy coming from renewable
sources (by 2020)
• Energy efficiency: +20% until 2020
 1,5% each year: buildings, cars, products
• Transport policy (more railway)
• 10% from renewables, not just biofuels (by
2020  + )
21
Bioethanol und Biodiesel
Biofuel-share2004
benötigte Fläche in % der
Getreide-, Ölsaaten- &
Zuckerfläche 2004
Biofuel goal
benötigte Fläche in % der
Getreide-, Ölsaaten- &
Zuckerfläche 2004
Brasil
USA
21,6 %
1,6 %
0,8 %
8
5
4
10 %
10 %
10 %
30
52
3
Benediktbeuren, 30. April 2009
EU15
22
22
37 m2 solar
10.000 km
2.062 m2 maize
23
Climate change - just a technical problem?
• Reaching these ambitious goals is not a mere
technical issue.
• It takes more than saving energy and
technological solutions like solar/ renewables
• It is all about political power and markets; the
idea is to „make money“
• Interest groups !
24
Centralized/ De-centralized structures
• the age of fossil energy was/is the age of
centralized, relatively inefficient energy
production structures
large power plants with low efficiency rates (35
to 45%, residual heating)
very few global operating oil companies
not many large energy suppliers, with
excellent access to decision maker
in Germany: 4, in France: just 1
25
26
27
unsustainable too!!!
28
Centralised/De-centralised structures
• The age of regenerating energies becomes the age
of de-centralized and efficient energy structures:
 Sun on the roof (Electricity and Heating)
 Combined Power and Heating Systems (with more than
90% energy efficiency, instead of 45% in the case of
large power (coal/nuclear) plants)
 De-centralized energy circuits using biomass
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Who will profit?
• new energy producers (consumers becomes producer),
new market players
• new workplaces in the regions: energy saving
techniques, short-distance supply networks, solar
energy and local workforce, biomass/ -gas, including
decentralized vegetable oil technologies
• but the old „large“ energy suppliers wish to maintain
centralized structures; they live from them
37
Project „Desertec“
38
Access to cheap energy
• A crucial question for fighting against
poverty !!!
40
EU-India round table
• discussion on renewable energy and climate
change
• practical example form daily life: how to
cook?
– today: cow dung, wood, kerosene
 health problems for women,
environmental damage
– tomorrow: electricity from big power plants?
– or: cooker fired with vegetable oil from local
production?
41
Plant Oil Stove - Protos
Facts and figures:
Power range:
1.6–3.8 kW
Usage:
2 - 6 liters oil per week for a family
of 4-5
→ 100 - 300 liters per year
Fuel:
All plant oils, also used oils
(development with coconut-oil)
Efficiency:
35 – 48 %
Emissions:
Ten times lower than with high quality kerosene
CO2-balance:
Neutral
42
Documentation of integrated project
43
needed: vegetable oil
Strategy of de-centralization?
– a sustainable vegetable oil production by
private farmer
– as a new source for a new environmental
friendly, regional energy networks
– in which a farmer can become a real player in
the economic chain
or
44
vegetable oil/ biofuel
Strategy of centralized structure?
– should the farmer just produce a cheap row
material?
– or do we want to see not farmers, but an
“effective” industrial production by big
companies
– just for export as a “bio”-fuel, to feed the cars
all over the world?
45
dezentralized oil-mill
Ölmühle Kramerbräuhof in Pfaffenhofen
Ölmühle Wöhrl in Galgenhofen / FFB
46
Petrol station on a farm
47
pure vegetable oil for tractors
48
49
Pure vegetable oil for heating or
cooling systems
100 kW el
120 kW th
50
the role of civil society
• we have to start and to follow the discussion
on the „new“ energy policy
• organize itself to counteract the lobby and
self-interest of big multinational companies
without civil society the new energy age will
not be possible
51
… let´s explore new avenues!
52