Transcript Biomechanical Frame of Reference

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Biomechanical
Frame of Reference
Biomechanical frame of reference
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Introduction:
Most frequently in practice
Among the top five frame
Applied the principle of physics to human
movement
Restoring functional skill & continuing with
modifying task or the environment
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Biomechanical frame of reference
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Theory:
Kinetic & kinematic principles
Anatomy of musculoskeletal system
Physiology of bone, connective tissue…
Capacity for functional motion is based:
Potential for motion at the joints
Muscle strength
Endurance
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Theory (continue)
Joint range of motion
Muscles cross one ore more joints
Performance
The ability to sustain muscle activity
Movement produced during occupational
performance
Capacity of movement
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Problems exist when&
a Restriction
of joint motion,
Function
dysfunction
strength & endurance interferes with everyday
occupations
Joint ROM may be limited by:
 joint damage
Edema
Pain
skin tightness
muscle spasticity
muscle & tendon shortening
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Function & dysfunction(continue)
Muscle weakness can occur as a result of:
Disuse
Disease affecting muscle physiology
Diseases & trauma of LMN, Spinal cord, or
peripheral nerves which can result in deinnervaton of muscles
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Function & dysfunction(continue)
Endurance can be reduced by:
Extended confinement or limitation of
activity
Pathology of cardiovascular or respiratory
systems
Muscular diseases
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Function & dysfunction(continue)
It is common for sensory loss and loss of motion to
co-occur because tactile sensations or touch are often
affected bye the same diseases or traumas that affect
muscle
Pain can be chronically or periodically present in
association with disease or trauma that affects the
musculoskeletal system
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Change & motivation:
1.Maintaining or preventing limitation in ROM may
be accomplished through three methods:
 Compression
 Positioning through therapist handling
 Movement through the full ROM
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Change & motivation:
 2.Increasing ROM:
Passive stretching
Active stretching
PNF techniques
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Change & motivation:
3.Strength may be increased through three
methods:
Exercise that stresses muscles to the point of fatigue
Other daily occupations(walking or running…)
Either type of strengthening program
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Change & motivation:
4.Endurance may be increased through the four
methods:
Light resistive exercise
Grading & gradually increasing time
Grading of cardiovascular aspect of activities
Use of interest sustaining task
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Change & motivation:
5.Incorporating PAMs through four methods:
Superficial heat agent
Superficial cold agent
Therapeutic ultrasound
electrotherapy
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EVALUATION:
ROM
Strength
Endurance
Pain
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Biomechanical intervention:
Intervention focus on intersection of motion &
occupational performance and can be divided into three
approach:
Prevention of contracture and maintenance of
existing capacity for motion
Restoration by improving diminished capacity for
motion
Compensation for limited motion
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Practice resources:
ROM is usually measured with a goniameter
Strength is normally tested by MMT
Endurance is usually measured by determining duration or
number of repetitions before fatigue occurs
Methods of intervention address not only targeted
limitations of motion, strength, and endurance
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Practice resources(continue)
Strength is developed by increasing stress on muscle
through:
 amount of resistance offered t the movement
Duration of resistance required
Rate of an exercise session
Frequency of sessions
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Practice resources(continue)
Occupations:
Provide natural & motivating circumstance
Employ attention
Provide conditioning that more nearly replicates
normal demands
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Practice resources(continue)
Attention to functional purpose of a task is important
Activity may be modified to:
Reduce or alter task demands
Match permanently reduced musculoskeletal capacity
Intensify task demands
Ways to modify an activity include:
Positioning the task
Adding weights or other devices
Modifying tools
Change material or size of objects used
Change method(s) of accomplishing task
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Case study:
Bonnie, a 56-year-old
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Article
Application of pressure: A principle in the
biomechanical frame of reference
Biomechanical approach to quantifying anticipatory
postural adjustments in the elderly
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Term of biomechanical
Active range of motion
Biomechanical activity analysis
Body mechanics
Compensatory treatment
Elasticity
Endurance
Functional motion
Join range of motion
Kinematics
Manual muscle testing
Orthosis
Passive range of motion
Physical reconditioning
Prosthesis
Strength
Tendon
Work hardening
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Reference
hj
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