Transcript ppt - University of Northern Colorado

Education Outreach
Wendy Adams
Education Coordinator
Acoustical Society of America
Today’s Plan
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Introduction to ASA and ASA educational programs
Sound and Music activity
Materials
Research
Break
Explore Sound website
Lessons for
– Lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics
Introductions
• Name
• Affiliation
• Teaching
– # years
– Who: where, what level, …
– Courses taught
– Favorite thing to teach
Introductions
• Wendy Adams
• Acoustical Society of America and University of Northern
Colorado (UNC)
• 9 years introductory physics and pre-service elementary
teachers at UNC
• PhD in Physics Education Research at CU with Carl Wieman
• PhET Project and Science Education Initiatives
• Back at UNC
• Favorite – had always been intro physics but now Pre-service
teachers
Acousticians
• Underwater
• Animal bioacousticians
• Musicians
– Instrument designers, concert hall designers …
• Our ears
• Speech
• Architectural
• Medical
• Engineering
• Noise
• Physical and Psychological acoustics
Educational Activities
Posters
Website
Activity kits
Optics/Acoustics Book Cover
AP Physics B curriculum
Partnerships
– OSA, AAPT, Noisy Planet, DOSITS
Sounds project (next year)
Posters
Echolocation
Animal bioacoustics
Underwater acoustics
Acoustics
Music and Speech
Cross Polarization & Lasers
Guidebooks
• 1 page description, definitions, activities, career profiles,
additional resources
Posters: Order/Print from www.exploresound.org
Guidebooks: pdf only
w/ OSA
Posters
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Definitions
Career Profiles – 2-3 per guidebook
Additional Resources
Activities
– Vetted by expert acousticians
– Tested with students
Print from www.exploresound.org
Sound and Music Activity!
– 1 class period interactive lesson on Sound and Music
Purely conceptual (2nd grade – college)
• Physics of Sound
• How the ear hears
• How musical instruments work
– Source of vibration, way to change pitch and way to
amplify sound
w/ OSA & AAPT
Today’s Plan
• Introduction to ASA and ASA educational programs
• Sound and Music activity
• Materials
– Kit, lesson plan, .ppt, videos, USB w/ over 50
lesson plans
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Explore Sound website
Research
Break
Lessons for
– Lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics
Activity Kits
• 10 tuning forks of varying frequency
• 10 ping pong balls with string
Tuning forks
• Beats: 880, 883, 885 (the beats are faster the further apart the
frequency.),
• Notes an octave apart double in frequency 440, 880 and 261.6 & 523.2
• Identical forks resonate w/ nearby fork of same frequency. (Same note
forks an octave apart barely do not do this.)
• PVC tube (or homemade can tube) and water to hear resonance 8809.7 cm to 261.6-32.7 cm for the first.
• Doppler effect: Hole in one handle w/ string
• Sympathetic vibration (place handle of vibrating fork on table)
• Observe the relationship between fork tine length and pitch
• Energy transfer to either a ping pong ball or a bowl of water (makes a
fun mess!)
• Sounds traveling in air versus a solid. (compare how far away the fork
can be heard in air, then hold it on a railing or other long solid and
Activity Kits
• 10 tuning forks of varying frequency
• 10 ping pong balls with string
• 4 Posters: 1.) diagram of the ear, 2.) hair cell, 3.) a
healthy hair bundle and 4.) a damaged hair bundle
• 150 pipe cleaners
• 60 straws of that pair up.
• 1 pre-assembled cup instrument
• Sound level meter (not needed for intro lesson)
• Lesson plan and power point
• Videos of each section
• 50+ spin-off lessons for
– lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics.
www.exploresound.org
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Students
– Games, activities, sounds, videos, science
fair project ideas (Spectrum analyzer - soon)
• Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced
• By content area: Our ears, music,
architectural acoustics, …
• Teachers & Parents
– Lesson Plans, games, sounds, video, content
info, homework, exams/quizzes
• By course type and by content area
• Additional Resources
w/ OSA & AAPT
Upcoming Projects
• AP Physics B curriculum
– Currently in BETA form
– Interactive lessons for any AP Physics learning goals related
to acoustics
• Sounds Project
– Animal sounds grouped into categories with questions to
encourage students to compare and contrast different
animals
• Boy Scout Badge
Today’s Plan
•
•
•
•
Introduction to ASA and ASA educational programs
Sound and Music activity
Materials
Explore Sound website
• Research
• Break
• Lessons for
– Lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics
Theoretical Background
Have you ever been frustrated by….
• “What equation do I use here?”
• Students try the lab experiment until they get the ‘correct’
answer once.
• The blank look when you refer to content from yesterday’s
class or lab.
• A student is stumped and comes to you for help. To solve part
b of a problem velocity is required.
– Turns out in part a they had successfully calculated
velocity!
Research says….
• that students do not engage in their homework or
laboratories as a scientist would.
– Do not investigate, explore, ask questions, make
connections, and deduce the rules.
– Instead they just answer what has been asked
– Transfer and retain little.
• Why?
– Students don’t know how to be a scientist?
– Students don’t care? In a hurry.
– Underprepared?
Pure Discovery
• Many suggested pure discovery as an alternative.
– Give grade school students paper, paper clips and a sink
full of water. Build a boat that can hold the most paper
clips.
Research Says…
• Pure discovery students may learn less than with cookbook
labs! (Mayer 2004)
– Memory overload, confused without directions, frustrated,
lots of false starts.
– Students don’t know what is important or what they have
learned.
Learning Theories
• Constructivism - Students need a framework of the main
ideas to build knowledge on. (Bransford et al 1999)
An active process where students are active sense
makers
– thinking not doing.
– Direct Instruction: no mental framework
– Pure Discovery: about 500 years
– What works?
• Elicit - Confront - Resolve
• Contrasting Cases
• Guided Inquiry with Balanced Challenges
•?
Learning Theories
Motivation:
• Calculation frame versus sense making frame (Bing & Redish)
– What is the game?
– The way the problem is set up causes
students to behave a certain way.
Learning Theories
Motivation:
• Performance Mode vs. Learning Mode (Dweck)
– Set of problems at their level
– Set of problems just out of reach
– Reaction depends on their view of intelligence
Balanced Challenges!
Testing and Evaluation
1. All materials used in the classroom with Real Students.
2. Range of teachers and researches have reviewed materials
– Middle school, high school, university, PTRAs and preservice elementary teacher formatted lessons.
3. Measure of learning gains
Sound Quiz
• 22 multiple choice questions addressing the learning
goals of the Sound and Music Introductory Lesson.
• Interviews used to create distracters
• Reviewed by many experts
Sound Quiz
Table 1
Population
N
Middle
11
School class
Girl Scouts
40
th
th
5 – 12 grds
Pre-service
22
elem. teachers
Intro. alg.45
based phys
Pre (SE)
Post (SE)
<g>
67%(4.0)
90% (2.3)
0.74
53%(2.7)
69% (2.6)
0.33
69%(2.3)
86% (2.1)
0.56
74%(1.5)
87% (1.1)
0.51
Matched data for the Sound and Music pre/post assessment
Sound Quiz
• Plan to expand into more waves questions in future.
• Need to interview students of all ages on the questions
Today’s Plan
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction to ASA and ASA educational programs
Sound and Music activity
Materials
Explore Sound website
Research
Break
• Lessons for
– Lower elementary, Physical Science and Physics
Index of lessons
Lower elementary
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Sound and Music K-12 version (in progress)
How Dolphins use Sound
Speed of Sound
Identification from a distance
Fish Finding Game
Sound Rather Than Sight
3-D location
Good vibrations (DD)
Loud Sounds Book Marks
Loud Sounds Coloring Sheets
Sound and Music Quiz (read questions aloud)
Index of lessons
Physical Science: Upper elementary, MS, HS phys. Sci., pre-service
elementary teachers
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Sound and Music
Musical Instruments Part I
Musical Instruments Part II
Generalizing How Musical
Instruments Work
Wave Basics
Anatomy of a Wave
Tuning Fork Discovery
The Doppler Effect
Speed of Sound
Identification from a Distance
Fish Finding Game
• Echolocation by Dolphins and
Humans
• Sound Rather than Sight
• 3-D Location
• Sound Measures (DD)
• How Loud is Too Loud? (DD)
• Good Vibrations (DD)
• Sound waves
• Sound Lab using LabPro or Xplorer
GLX (typically HS but at a MS level)
• Peer Instruction - clicker questions
• Giant Acoustics Word Search
• Loud Sounds Book Marks
Index of lessons
Physics: HS physics, AP-B, intro college
Labs:
• *Investigating How Music is Made$
• Traveling and Standing Waves
• Sound waves
• Sound Lab using LabPro or Xplorer
GLX
• *Waves, Harmonics and Auditory
Perception
• Spring to Another World (Hewitt &Baird)
• Simple Harmonic Motion
Lessons:
• *Sound and Music
• *Anatomy of a Wave
• *$Generalizing How Music is Made
• Speed of Sound
• *Doppler Effect
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Intensity & Intensity Level (notes & Act)
Wave Equations of Motion
Introduction to Perception
*Auditory Perception, Sound
Localization and Who is an Acoustician
• *Speech Intelligibility, spectrum
analysis and Frequency Bands
• Simple Harmonic Motion (notes only)
• Conservation of Energy applied to
springs (notes only)
• *Elephant Acoustics application
assignment
• Imaging methods project
Assessments:
• Sound and Music pre/post
• Echolocation quiz
• Exam Questions
Lesson Review
• Find 1 or 2 other people who want to focus on the
same level as you (elementary, Physical Science or
Physics)
• Work through ~2-3 lessons in your focus area.
• 11:20 Provide feedback to the group on:
– Successes for each lesson
– Difficulties with each lesson
– How would you use each activity in the
classroom?
Acoustical Society of America
• 4 part Poster series Acoustics & Optics
• Website – continuously growing
• Activity Kits
All FREE at: www.exploresound.org