Transcript Intro to Human Systems

Body Intro
Truths vs. Myths
Each slide
presents common
misconceptions
and the truth.
Choose what you
think is the truth
about each Body
System.
Copy the
statement onto
your notes page.
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Respiratory System
•Breathing and respiration are the
same thing.
•Breathing and respiration are not
the same thing.
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Respiratory System (2)
•My lungs pull in air and that causes
me to breathe.
•My nose and mouth force air down
my throat and that causes me to
breathe.
•A muscle contracts that is near my
lungs and that causes me to breathe.
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Circulatory System
• My blood is not always red.
•My blood is not blue inside my
body.
•My blood is not mostly made of
water.
•My blood is not made inside my
bones.
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Digestive System
•Teeth are considered bones.
•Teeth are not considered bones.
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Digestive System (2)
•My liver absorbs most of the
nutrients from my food.
•My stomach absorbs most of the
nutrients from my food.
•My small intestine absorbs most of
the nutrients from my food.
•My large intestine absorbs most of
the nutrients from my food.
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Skeletal System
•Bones are alive.
•Bones are not alive.
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Body Map: Notes Page #1
• Cut out the 11 organs and tape them into the body outline.
You may appropriate uses of technology for help.
Body Intro
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Digestive System
Skeletal System
-
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Notes Page #2
Types of Tissue
Levels of Organization
cellstissuesorgansorgan
systems
Homeostasis -
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Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Learning Goals
• Describe how tissues, organs, and organ systems
are related.
• List 12 organ systems.
• Identify how organ systems work together to
maintain homeostasis.
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Cells, Tissues, and Organs, continued
• Tissues Form Organs Two or more tissues working
together to carry out a specialized function form an
organ.
Section 1: Introduction to Body Systems
• Cells Form Tissues A group of similar cells working
together forms a tissue. Your body has four main kinds
of tissue.
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organism
• Homeostasis: maintaining a stable internal
environment
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Working Together
• Organs Form Systems Organs that work together
make up an organ system.
• Organ systems work together to maintain
homeostasis.
• Your body has 12 major organ systems.
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Section 1 Introduction to Body Systems
Section 2 The Skeletal System
Objectives
• Identify the major organs of the skeletal system.
• Describe four functions of bones.
• Describe three types of joints.
• List three injuries and two diseases that affect
bones and joints.
Section 2 The Skeletal System
Bones
• Bones, cartilage, and the connective tissue that holds
bones together make up your skeletal system.
• Bone Structure Bone tissue without any visible
open spaces is called compact bone. Bone tissue that
has many open spaces is called spongy bone. Bones
contain a soft tissue called marrow.
• Bone Growth Most bones start out as a flexible
tissue called cartilage. Eventually, most cartilage is
replaced by bone.
4 Functions of Skeletal System
cranium / skull
maxilla
mandible
clavicle
scapula
ribs
sternum
humerus
vertebrae
radius
pelvis
ulna
metacarpals
carpals
femur
phalanges
patella
sacrum
fibula
tibia
coccyx
tarsals
phalanges
metatarsals
Types of Joints
• A place where two or more bones meet is called
a joint.
• Joints are held together by ligaments.
Section 2 The Skeletal System
Skeletal System Injuries and Diseases
• Bones may be fractured or broken.
• Ligaments can be stretched or torn.
• Arthritis is a disease that causes the joints to swell
or stiffen.
• Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to
become less dense.
Section 3 The Muscular System
Muscles
• Muscles Attach to Bones Tendons are strands of
tough connective tissue that connect your skeletal
muscles to your bones.
• Muscles Work in Pairs Skeletal muscles often work
in pairs. A muscles that bends part of your body is
called a flexor. A muscle that straightens part of your
body is an extensor.
Section 3 The Muscular System
Section 3 The Muscular System
Involuntary
I don’t have to think about it, I don’t control it
Voluntary
I control when it happens
3 Types of Muscle
Type
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Illustration
Voluntary or
Involuntary?
Where is it found?
Section 3 The Muscular System
• The muscular system is made up of the muscles
that let you move.
• Involuntary muscle
found in the digestive
tract and the walls of the
blood vessels is called
smooth muscle.
Section 3 The Muscular System
•Involuntary muscle found in your heart is called
cardiac muscle.
Section 3 The Muscular System
• Muscle attached to your skeleton for movement is
called skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle can be
voluntary or involuntary.
Gastronemius
Pectoralis major
External obliques
Latissimus dorsi
Quadriceps Femoris
Deltoid
Biceps femoris
Trapezius
Gluteus maximus
Sartorius
Abductor muscles
Triceps brachii
Rectus Abdominis
Serratus anerior
Biceps brachii
Tibialis anterior
Section 3 The Muscular System
Use It or Lose It
• Resistance Exercise During resistance exercise,
people work against the resistance, or weight, of an
object to strengthen their skeletal muscles.
• Aerobic Exercise (using oxygen)
Steady, moderately intense activity is called aerobic
exercise, and strengthens the heart and increases
endurance.
Section 3 The Muscular System
Muscle Injury
• A strain is an injury in which a muscle or tendon is
overstretched or torn.
• People who exercise too much can hurt their
tendons. Inflamed tendons is called tendonitis.
• Some people try to make their muscles stronger by
taking drugs. These drugs are called anabolic steroids
and can cause long-term health problems.
Section 4: The Integumentary System
skin, hair, and nails
Functions of Skin
• skin protects you by keeping water in your body
and foreign particles out of your body
• nerves in your skin let you feel things
• regulates your body temperature, helps get rid of
waste chemicals
Layers of Skin
• Epidermis - outermost layer of skin
• Dermis - thicker layer of skin that lies beneath the
epidermis
Acne
Hair and Nails
• A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called a
hair follicle. Hair helps protect skin from ultraviolet
light and helps regulate body temperature in most
mammals.
• A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at the
base of the nail. Nails protect the tips of your fingers
and toes.
Skin Injuries
• Skin is often damaged, but fortunately can repair
itself. However, damage to the genetic material in skin
cells can cause skin cancer.