Transcript Skeletal System and Muscular System Slides

Skeletal System,
Muscular System,
&
The Skin
We are born with
over 300 bones. As
we grow, some of
these bones fuse
together.
As adults we have
!
only 206 bones
KidsHealth
Bone Facts:
Function - Your bones manufacture red blood cells and
store useful minerals.
Bones are held together by muscles that allow them to
move.
Some bones are joined by flexible parts called joints.
Ligaments – connective tissue which holds bone in
moveable joints. (A sprain is when ligaments are
stretched too far.)
The smallest bones are in your ear.
The largest bone, the femur, is found in your thigh.
Living Bones
• The bones in your body are
very much alive.
• Each is a living organ made
of several different tissues.
• Like all the other living tissues
in your body, bone tissue is
made of cells that take in
nutrients and use energy.
• Bone cells have the same needs
as other body cells.
Functions of Your
Skeletal System
1.The skeleton gives shape and support to
your body.
2.Bones protect your internal organs.
Functions of Your Skeletal System
3.Major muscles are attached to bone
and help them move.
4.Blood cells are made in the bone
marrow.
5.Calcium and phosphorous are stored
in the skeleton for later use.
Jaw Bone
Tail Bone
Skull – protects the
brain.
Bone Structure
• Bones have bumps, edges, round ends,
rough spots, and many pits and holes.
• Muscles and ligaments attach to some of
the bumps and pits.
• In your body, blood vessels and nerves
enter and leave through the holes.
Define:
• Joint
• Cartilage
•Ligament
• Cartilage – a connective tissue
that is more flexible than bone.
•It reduces friction that would be caused by bones rubbing together.
Immovable Joints
• Joints are broadly classified as immovable
or movable.
• An immovable
joint allows little
or no movement.
Ex. skull and
pelvis
Movable Joints –
Describe each:
• Pivot Joint
• Ball and Socket Joint
• Hinge Joint
• Gliding Joint
Movable Joints
• pivot joint - one
bone rotates in a
ring of another
bone that doesn’t
move.
• Ex. Forearm
Movable Joints
• ball-and-socket
joint consists of a
round bone fitting
into a cup-like
bone.
• Ex. Shoulder & Hip
Movable Joints
• hinge joint-back-and-forth
movement like hinges on a
door.
• Ex. Knee,
elbows,
toes, &
fingers
Movable Joints
• gliding joint - a
bone slides over
another bone in a
back-and-forth
motion.
• Ex. Wrists, ankles,
and between
vertebrae
Your rib cage is made
up of 12 vertebrae,
24 ribs and a
breastbone in three
parts. It protects your
heart and lungs from
knocks and bumps.
Look, Mom, no hands....no feet!!
Over half your bones are found in your
hands and feet. There are 26 bones in
each foot and 27 in each hand.
Skeletal System
Osteoporosis – mineral loss in
bones where they become weak
and break easily.
Scoliosis
-Possible
causes:
congenital spine
deformities, genetic
conditions,
neuromuscular problems,
etc.
-Over 80% of scoliosis
cases, have no known
cause and are found in
otherwise healthy people.
Interactive
http://www.ehc.com/vbody.asp
MRI’s soft tissue
X Rays bone tissue
“I’m just “bigged boned”.” (??)
Movable Joints –
• Pivot Joint - Forearm
• Ball and Socket Joint – Hip /
Shoulder
• Hinge Joint – Fingers, elbow,
knees and toes
• Gliding Joint – Neck vertebra &
down spine, wrist, ankle
Human Skeleton
9
KidsHealth
Muscles & the Facts
• Goose Bumps – caused by
smooth muscles, the tiniest
muscles.
• 100 muscles in your face
• 17 muscles used to smile 
• 43 muscles to frown!!!!!
FACTOID
• Spasm
- strong muscle
contractions
when enough
food & oxygen
aren’t available.
Movement of the Human Body
• Muscle - an organ that
can relax, contract, and
provide the force to move
your body parts.
What is the difference between voluntary and
involuntary muscles?
Involuntary Muscles – muscles you can’t
control consciously.
• work all day long
• Ex: circulatory and digestive muscles.
Voluntary muscles - Muscles that you are
able to control .
Define each part of the Muscular System.
Smooth
Muscles
Skeletal
Muscles
Parts of the
Muscular
System
Cardiac
Muscles
Tendons
Types of Muscles:
• Skeletal
muscles
Cardiac
muscles
Involuntary muscle that
controls the heart.
– Voluntary muscles
that make us move
– THEY WORK IN
PAIRS. Muscles
always pull. They
never push.
Smooth muscles
in organs and body systems.
Involuntary muscles
Skeletal Muscles
• the muscles that
move bones
• muscles that work
in pairs
•Tendons - Tissues that attach muscle to bones to
enable movement .
Walking bobby pin
Cardiac Muscle
• Cardiac muscle - found only in the heart.
• This type of
muscle contracts
about 70 times per
minute every day
of your life.
Smooth Muscles
• Smooth muscles - found in your organs.
• involuntary muscles that
slowly contract and relax.
• Internal organs are
made of one or
more layers of
smooth muscle.
Muscular System
Pushing the Limits
43
What is Skin???
• http://www.wimp.com/whatskin/
Epidermis – Upper layer of thin skin
where skin cells die and flake off.
Dermis – Layer of cells below the
epidermis where blood vessel and
nerve endings are located.
Your Largest Organ
• Your skin is the largest organ of your body.
• Much of the information you receive about
your environment comes through your skin.
• You can think of your skin as your largest
sense organ.
List the 6 functions of the Integumentary / Skin
System.
Functions of
Integumentary / Skin
System
•
•
•
•
Covers body and prevents water loss.
Protects body from infection or injury.
Regulates body temperature.
Eliminates waste - salt and excess
water.
• Gathers information from environment
(Touch, etc.)
• Produces Vit. D to help digestive
Skin….Stress….Hormones….
Pimples
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/does-stresscause-pimples-claudia-aguirre
Melanin
• Cells in the epidermis produce the chemical
melanin.
• Melanin is a pigment that protects your skin
and gives it color.
• The different
amounts of melanin
produced by cells
causes differences
in skin color.
Melanin
• When your skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays,
melanin production increases and your skin
becomes darker.
• Lighter skin tones
have less protection
from the Sun
• Such skin burns
more easily and may
be more susceptible
to skin cancer.
Skin Cancer
• Damaged skin
cells begin to
grow and
divide
uncontrollably.
Squamous Cell – another type of
skin cancer.