Transcript Call “911”

Little League
District 17 – Safety Clinic
Instructor:
Mark A. Johnson
EMT
January 2009
Introduction
✔
Baseball is the second most commonly played
team sport in the United States.
✔
Over 160,000 kids under the age of 15, are treated
annually in the ER for Baseball/Softball related
injuries.
✔
Injuries from thrown balls are the most common.
✔
50% of youth pitchers will sustain an injury
during the season.
Legal Aspects
. Good Samaritan Law: Prevents a rescuer who has
voluntarily helped a stranger in need from being
sued for ‘ wrongdoing’
. Consent: You need permission from the patient. If the
patient is a minor get permission from the parent or
legal guardian.
. Implied Consent: Permission to help an
unresponsive Patient is assumed.
Topics
✔
Universal Precautions
✔
First Aid
✔
Proper Techniques for Warm-up/Stretching
✔
Specific Baseball Related Injuries
✔
Minimizing Risk of injury for Pitchers
Universal Precautions
✔
✔
Universal precautions
is a way to limit the
spread of disease by
preventing contact with
blood and body fluids.
. Use PPE ( disposable
gloves, eye protection,
Mouth shield).
Assess Scene, Assess Victim, Alert EMS
✔
Survey scene to ensure
your safety
✔
Check your victim
✔
Call 911 (give description of
emergency and location)
✔
Provide appropriate care
until EMS arrives
Survey the Scene
✔Determine
if the scene is safe
✔Determine
cause of accident
✔Determine
number of victims/bystanders
✔NEVER MOVE THE VICTIM
(unless immediate life-threatening danger)
Assess Victim
✔
Assess level of consciousness
✔
Check for an open airway
✔
Check for breathing
✔
Check for heartbeat
✔
Check for bleeding
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
✔
Kneel next to victim's head
✔
DO NOT remove safety
gear!
✔
Stabilize head and neck
✔
LOOK, LISTEN & FEEL
✔
Chin Lift
✔
Rescue breath (if unnecessary)
✔
Check for signs of life
Sudden Illness
✔
Confusion or LOC
➢ Severe
✔
Difficulty breathing
➢ Slurred
✔
Chest pain/pressure
➢ Vomiting
✔
Abdominal pain
➢ Seizures
headache
speech
Care For Sudden Illness
✔
Vomiting- place on side
✔
LOC - lay flat and elevate feet
✔
Seizing - Nothing in mouth
keep patient from harm
✔
Call “911”
Specific Aliments
✔
Sudden Illness
➢ Musculoskeletal
✔
Diabetes
➢ Choking
✔
Asthma
➢ Poisoning
✔
Shock
➢ Bites/Stings
✔
Wounds
➢ Heat
✔
Burns
related injuries
Diabetes
✔Type
I and Type II
✔Eat small meals prior to practice/games
✔Identify symptoms
✔Dizziness,
Drowsiness, Confusion, Cool skin,
diaphoretic and rapid pulse
✔If conscious – give oral sugar
✔Call “911”
Asthma
✔
Constriction of airways
✔
Exercise, Environment or
Stress induced
✔
Bring Inhaler to
practice/games
✔
Stop physical activity, sit
in cool place, use inhaler
✔
Call “911”
Shock
✔
Life threatening condition
✔
Severe bleeding
✔
Injury
✔
Sudden illness
✔
Without proper treatment (death may occur)
Signs of Shock
✔
Restlessness or irritability
✔
Altered LOC
✔
Cool, pale and diaphoretic
✔
Rapid breathing
✔
Rapid pulse
Care for Shock
✔
Call “911” immediately
✔
Lay flat, elevate feet
✔
Control bleeding
✔
Prevent over heating
✔
Nothing to drink
Wounds
–
a portion of
skin is torn
away.
✔ Avulsion
Bruise
✔
Bleeding occurs
under the skin
causing discoloration
and swelling
Laceration
✔
Split in the skin
by a sharp
object.
Puncture
✔
Piercing of the skin
by a sharp object
Abrasion
✔
A portion of the skin
is rubbed or scrapped
away.
Caring for Minor Wound
✔
ALWAYS use latex gloves
when caring for wounds
✔
If risk of splashing – wear
protective glasses
✔
Stop bleeding, by applying
pressure with clean dry cloth
✔
If bleeding persists, raise
wound above heart level
Caring For A Major Wound
✔
Remember to wear gloves and protective
glasses
✔
Cover wound with a clean dressing, press
firmly
✔
Elevate wound above heart level
✔
Cover clean dressing with roll bandage
✔
If persists, apply 2nd bandage
✔
Call “911”
Special Problems . . .
✔
Impales Object
✔
Splinters
✔
Nosebleeds
✔
Oral Injury
✔
Avulsion of Tooth
✔
Amputations
Things to Remember w/Wounds
✔Always
✔Call
wear protective gloves and eyewear
“911” if:
✔ bleeding
is bright red and spurts
✔ Wound
is very deep and large
✔ Victim
is in sever pain
✔ Can
not wash the debris from the wound
✔ The
wound needs stitches
Burns
✔
Solar Radiation Burns
Solar Radiation Burns
✔
Cool the Burn
✔
Protect burn by
staying out of the sun
✔
Use SPF 15 or greater
sun screen
✔
Cover burned areas
Musculoskeletal Injuries
✔
Over 200 Bones, over 600 muscles
✔
Sprain
✔
Strain
✔
Growth plate injuries
✔
Dislocation
✔
Fracture
Muscle Cramps
✔
May be sign of heat exhaustion
✔
May be due to electrolyte imbalance
✔
May be due to dehydration
✔
Improper condition
✔
Treat with rest, massage area and gentle
stretching
Sprain
✔
✔
✔
Tearing of the
ligaments at a joint
The joint swells and
is painful
Treat with ice
initially
➢ Rest
joint
➢ Continue
rest even if
symptoms are gone
➢ inadequate
rest may
cause chronic re-injury
Strain
✔
A stretching and/or
partial tearing of
muscle or tendons
✔
May be caused by
working the muscle to
hard
✔
Treat with ice initially
➢ Rest
joint
➢ Continue
rest even if
symptoms are gone
➢ inadequate
rest may
cause chronic re-injury
Growth Plate Injury
✔
May be avulsion,
fracture or contusion
✔
Exhibits swelling,
tenderness and pain
✔
Treat with ice
✔
Rest
✔
If fracture or avulsion is
suspected refer to MD
Dislocation
✔
Joint deformity (may be obvious)
✔
Unable to move affected
area
✔
DO NOT REDUCE
✔
Keep immobile
✔
Call parents for transport to
hospital
Fracture
✔For
minor fracture
✔ Splint,
✔For
ice, elevation, all parent to transport to hospital
major fracture
✔ Do
not move patient
✔ If open fracture – place gauze over expose bone
✔ Call “911”
✔ Apply ice
✔DO
NOT REDUCE
Choking
✔
If conscious,
Heimlich maneuver
✔
If unconscious, chest
compressions
Poison
✔
Ingestion
✔
Inhalation
✔
Absorption
Poisoning By Ingestion
✔
Call “911” or Poison Control
✔
Signs - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chest pain,
burns around lips
✔
Determine type of poison
✔
Do not give anything to eat or drink unless
instruct my EMT
Poison by Inhalation
✔ Call
“911” or Poison Control
✔ Signs
– pale or bluish skin
✔ Remove
victim from toxic fumes ASAP
Insect Stings
✔
If stung by bee – remove
stinger
✔
Wash area with soap and water
✔
Cover to keep clean
✔
Apply ice to reduce swelling
✔
Apply hydrocortisone cream
✔
Troubling breathing – Call “911”
Spiders
✔Only
(2) spiders in US are
poisonous
✔ Black
Widow
✔ Brown
Recluse
– nausea, vomiting,
difficulty breathing, sweating
and sever pain
✔ Symptoms
✔ If
suspected stung by one of
these spiders, wash wound, apply
ice & call “911”
Snake Bites
✔
(4) Kinds: Rattlesnake,
Water moccasin, copperhead
& Coral Snake
✔
Call “911”
✔
Wash wound, immobilize
area and keep lower than
heart
✔
DO NOT apply ice, cut
wound or apply tourniquet
Animal Bites
✔
Wash area with soap
and water
✔
Apply dry dressing
✔
DO NOT try to catch
animal
✔
If suspect rabid
animal – call “911”
Heat Related Illnesses
✔
Heat cramps
✔
Heat exhaustion
✔
Heat stroke
✔
In hot weather, provide break at
least twice a hour
✔
Allow athletes to drink water at
will
✔
NEVER DENY water
Heat Cramps
✔Painful
✔Occur
✔Tend
muscle spasms
from a combination of water and salt loss
to occur in the legs and the abdomen
✔ Have
victim rest in cool place
✔ Provide
✔ Stretch
✔ May
with cool water
muscle gently and massage area
resume activity once cramp ceases
Heat Exhaustion
✔Blood
flow to skin increases, blood flow to vital
organ decreases
✔
Victim goes into mild shock
✔Symptoms:
✔ Normal
to below temperature, pale, moist cool skin,
headache and exhaustion
✔ Have
victim rest in cool place, provide water and void
further activity
Heat Stroke
✔
Occurs when heat
exhaustion symptoms are
overlooked
✔
Sweating stops
✔
Body temperature rises
✔
Signs: hot, red, dry skin
rapid weak pulse,
shallowing breathing
➢
Move to cool area, cool water
and CALL “911”
➢
Ice to waists, ankles and armpit
➢
DO NOT apply rubbing
alcohol
➢
Give 4 oz of H2O every 15
min.
Proper Hydration
✔
Avoid sport drinks prior to or
during practice/game
✔
Drinks: Water or Propel
✔
Avoid red drinks
✔
Avoid soda or caffeinated
beverages
✔
Ask players to drink water
prior to game/practice
Proper Techniques for warm
up/stretching
. Do not bounce during stretching
. Stretch each muscle for 10 to 15 sec
. Light jog before game
Baseball Related Injuries
. Ankles
. Knees
. Shoulders
. Rib cage
. Feet Early in the season due to shoes
Risk Of Injury For Pitchers
. Pitch count
. Proper Warm Up
. Ice after the game Elbow and Shoulder
Thank You
Have A great Season