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Catherine Kroll, MPH, CPH, CIC
Infectious Disease Consequences
of Drugs, Sex, and Shared
Airspaces
◦ And how to use Harm reduction to
stop or reduce spread of those
diseases.
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This is a roadmap, not an absolute
What you can count on:
◦ Something I say in this class will make you
uncomfortable…..
 Let’s talk about it!
◦ Quiz 13th and 20th
◦ Final on 27th
◦ Project due 27th
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Lecture
◦ I talk, you listen and ask questions
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Small Group Discussions
◦ You talk to and listen to your peers about what you
learned, how you can use it right now, how you will
use it in the future
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Skills Practice
◦ You practice what you’ve learned, your peers and I
listen and provide feedback
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https://clarkaced170.wordpress.com/
What are some
infectious
diseases drug
users get?
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Respect classmates and instructor
◦ Absolutely no racism, sexism, bigotry, slut shame,
victim blaming will be tolerated
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Open mind
◦ Principles of harm reduction
◦ Sex
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Cultural competence
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They get a bad rap!
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Help you digest your food
Make cheese
Fermentation
Raise bread
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Don’t require a host to replicate
If sufficient nutrients and conditions exist,
they can reproduce on surfaces (fomites),
foods, soil, ect
Examples
◦ Salmonella
◦ Shigella
◦ Staphyloccocus
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Require a host to replicate
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They use the host’s cells as factories
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Examples
◦ Hepatitis A
◦ Hepatitis C
◦ HIV
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Fungus
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Prions
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When a pathogen (almost always bacteria) live
on your body, even reproduce, but don’t
cause an immune response
No immune response because they aren’t
causing damage
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It isn’t hurting the person, right now
But if you get immune suppressed, the carrier
bacteria could out grow the good bacteria
Or if you get a cut, you could inoculate with
the carrier bacteria and then it could become
an infection
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No symptoms
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Still contagious
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Could become an infection on the host
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Bacteria is present in your body, but not
actively growing and not actively causing
problems for the body
◦ Syphilis
◦ Tuberculosis
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Invasion and multiplication of
microorganisms (pathogen) in body tissues
Being infected does not necessarily mean that
you can transmit the pathogen
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When a person with is infected with a disease
and able to spread that disease to other
people.
Some diseases are more easily spread than
others
◦ Factors in this
 Way it is transmitted
 The number of organisms required to infect a person
to the point of causing disease
 Individual Immune Systems
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When a person’s immune system is not
operating at optimal capacity
◦ Examples of Factors
 Infection
 Cancer
 Medications
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Pathogen invades the
body
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_mXDv
ZQ6dU
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Send Help!
Here’s what it
looks like
Make proteins
that bind to it so
it can’t infect us!
MOST
IMPORTANTRemember what it
looks like!
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Disease that is spread through air
◦ Sneezing
◦ Coughing
◦ Respiratory secretions
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Examples
◦ TB
◦ Pertussis
◦ Common Cold
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Disease spread through direct contact with
blood of an infected person
◦ Needles Stick
◦ Needle Sharing
◦ Rough sex
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Examples
◦ HIV
◦ Hep B
◦ Hep C
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Pathogen spread through sexual contact
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MSM=Men who have sex with men
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Examples
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Penal-vaginal sex
Insertive anal sex
Receptive anal sex
Oral sex
HIV
Hep B
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
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People who use drugs are more likely to
acquire infectious diseases
Steps can be taken to reduce their risk
◦ Even if they are still using