Transcript Human Body Lesson 7

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After we go over the answers,
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Endocrine Feedback Loop 2
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Hormone Levels (ng/L)
These two graphs represent
hormone levels in the blood
in different types of feedback
loops.
On a piece of paper, explain
which graph is of hormone
levels in a positive feedback
loop and which graph is of
hormone levels in a negative
feedback loop, and explain
why you know that is the
answer.
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Infectious Diseases
Human Body Lesson 7: Standard 10d. Students
know there are important differences between
bacteria and viruses with respect to their
requirements for growth and replication, the
body’s primary defenses against bacterial and
viral infections, and effective treatments of
these infections.
Vocabulary
1. _________: any change, other than an injury,
that disrupts the normal functions of the body
2. ______________: a disease-causing agent
3. _______________________: the idea that
microorganisms (germs) cause infectious
diseases
4. ____________________: a series of rules used
to identify the microorganism that causes a
specific disease
5. ________: an animal that carries a pathogen
from person to person
6. ___________________: compounds that kill
bacteria without harming the cells of the
human or animal host. They work by
interfering with the cellular processes of
microorganisms
Vocabulary
1. Disease: any change, other than an injury, that
disrupts the normal functions of the body
2. ______________: a disease-causing agent
3. _______________________: the idea that
microorganisms (germs) cause infectious
diseases
4. ____________________: a series of rules used
to identify the microorganism that causes a
specific disease
5. ________: an animal that carries a pathogen
from person to person
6. ___________________: compounds that kill
bacteria without harming the cells of the
human or animal host. They work by
interfering with the cellular processes of
microorganisms
Vocabulary
1. Disease: any change, other than an injury, that
disrupts the normal functions of the body
2. Pathogen: a disease-causing agent
3. _______________________: the idea that
microorganisms (germs) cause infectious
diseases
4. ____________________: a series of rules used
to identify the microorganism that causes a
specific disease
5. ________: an animal that carries a pathogen
from person to person
6. ___________________: compounds that kill
bacteria without harming the cells of the
human or animal host. They work by
interfering with the cellular processes of
microorganisms
Vocabulary
1. Disease: any change, other than an injury, that
disrupts the normal functions of the body
2. Pathogen: a disease-causing agent
3. Germ theory of disease: the idea that
microorganisms (germs) cause infectious
diseases
4. ____________________: a series of rules used
to identify the microorganism that causes a
specific disease
5. ________: an animal that carries a pathogen
from person to person
6. ___________________: compounds that kill
bacteria without harming the cells of the
human or animal host. They work by
interfering with the cellular processes of
microorganisms
Vocabulary
1. Disease: any change, other than an injury, that
disrupts the normal functions of the body
2. Pathogen: a disease-causing agent
3. Germ theory of disease: the idea that
microorganisms (germs) cause infectious
diseases
4. Koch’s postulates: a series of rules used to
identify the microorganism that causes a
specific disease
5. ________: an animal that carries a pathogen
from person to person
6. ___________________: compounds that kill
bacteria without harming the cells of the
human or animal host. They work by
interfering with the cellular
Vocabulary
1. Disease: any change, other than an injury, that
disrupts the normal functions of the body
2. Pathogen: a disease-causing agent
3. Germ theory of disease: the idea that
microorganisms (germs) cause infectious
diseases
4. Koch’s postulates: a series of rules used to
identify the microorganism that causes a
specific disease
5. Vector: an animal that carries a pathogen
from person to person
6. ___________________: compounds that kill
bacteria without harming the cells of the
human or animal host. They work by
interfering with the cellular
Vocabulary
1. Disease: any change, other than an injury, that
disrupts the normal functions of the body
2. Pathogen: a disease-causing agent
3. Germ theory of disease: the idea that
microorganisms (germs) cause infectious
diseases
4. Koch’s postulates: a series of rules used to
identify the microorganism that causes a
specific disease
5. Vector: an animal that carries a pathogen
from person to person
6. Antibiotics: compounds that kill bacteria
without harming the cells of the human or
animal host. They work by interfering with the
cellular processes of microorganisms
The Germ Theory of Disease
• Before the _____ ______
of disease, people
believed that diseases
were caused by curses,
evil spirits, bad smells,
and miasmas (stinky
clouds and fogs).
• Now, we know that
infectious diseases are
caused by
_____________ (germs).
The Germ Theory of Disease
• Before the germ theory
of disease, people
believed that diseases
were caused by curses,
evil spirits, bad smells,
and miasmas (stinky
clouds and fogs).
• Now, we know that
infectious diseases are
caused by
_____________ (germs).
The Germ Theory of Disease
• Before the germ theory
of disease, people
believed that diseases
were caused by curses,
evil spirits, bad smells,
and miasmas (stinky
clouds and fogs).
• Now, we know that
infectious diseases are
caused by
microorganisms (germs).
Questions for YOU
1. What does the germ theory of disease state?
2. Before the discovery of microorganisms,
what did people think diseases were caused
by?
Write the answers on your iPad using
awwapp.com or any whiteboard app
Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s postulates are how
scientists show that a specific
microorganism causes a specific
disease.
1. The pathogen should
_______be present in a
sick organism and
______be present in a
healthy one
2. The pathogen must be
_________from a sick host
organism in a laboratory
and grown in ____
_______
3. When the cultured
pathogens are put into a
new host, they should
cause the _____ _____
that the original host
organism had
4. The pathogen must be
___________from the
second host and should be
__________to the original
Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s postulates are how
scientists show that a specific
microorganism causes a specific
disease.
1. The pathogen should
always be present in a sick
organism and ______be
present in a healthy one
2. The pathogen must be
_________from a sick host
organism in a laboratory
and grown in ____
_______
3. When the cultured
pathogens are put into a
new host, they should
cause the _____ _____
that the original host
organism had
4. The pathogen must be
___________from the
second host and should be
__________to the original
pathogen
Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s postulates are how
scientists show that a specific
microorganism causes a specific
disease.
1. The pathogen should
always be present in a sick
organism and never be
present in a healthy one
2. The pathogen must be
_________from a sick host
organism in a laboratory
and grown in ____
_______
3. When the cultured
pathogens are put into a
new host, they should
cause the _____ _____
that the original host
organism had
4. The pathogen must be
___________from the
second host and should be
__________to the original
pathogen
Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s postulates are how
scientists show that a specific
microorganism causes a specific
disease.
1. The pathogen should
always be present in a sick
organism and never be
present in a healthy one
2. The pathogen must be
isolated from a sick host
organism in a laboratory
and grown in ____
_______
3. When the cultured
pathogens are put into a
new host, they should
cause the _____ _____
that the original host
organism had
4. The pathogen must be
___________from the
second host and should be
__________to the original
pathogen
Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s postulates are how
scientists show that a specific
microorganism causes a specific
disease.
1. The pathogen should
always be present in a sick
organism and never be
present in a healthy one
2. The pathogen must be
isolated from a sick host
organism in a laboratory
and grown in pure culture
3. When the cultured
pathogens are put into a
new host, they should
cause the _____ _____
that the original host
organism had
4. The pathogen must be
___________from the
second host and should be
__________to the original
pathogen
Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s postulates are how
scientists show that a specific
microorganism causes a specific
disease.
1. The pathogen should
always be present in a sick
organism and never be
present in a healthy one
2. The pathogen must be
isolated from a sick host
organism in a laboratory
and grown in pure culture
3. When the cultured
pathogens are put into a
new host, they should
cause the same disease
that the original host
organism had
4. The pathogen must be
___________from the
second host and should be
__________to the original
pathogen
Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s postulates are how
scientists show that a specific
microorganism causes a specific
disease.
1. The pathogen should
always be present in a sick
organism and never be
present in a healthy one
2. The pathogen must be
isolated from a sick host
organism in a laboratory
and grown in pure culture
3. When the cultured
pathogens are put into a
new host, they should
cause the same disease
that the original host
organism had
4. The pathogen must be
recovered from the second
host and should be
__________to the original
pathogen
Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s postulates are how
scientists show that a specific
microorganism causes a specific
disease.
1. The pathogen should
always be present in a sick
organism and never be
present in a healthy one
2. The pathogen must be
isolated from a sick host
organism in a laboratory
and grown in pure culture
3. When the cultured
pathogens are put into a
new host, they should
cause the same disease
that the original host
organism had
4. The pathogen must be
recovered from the second
host and should be
identical to the original
pathogen
Question for YOU!
Before Koch came up with his postulates, was
there a way to know for certain that a specific
microorganism causes a specific disease?
Write the answer on your iPad using
awwapp.com or any whiteboard app
Agents of Disease
• Many microorganisms live in the
human body ________causing
diseases.
• Some microorganisms are even
__________, such as the
bacteria that live in your gut.
• Other microorganisms may
_______cells or release _____as
they grow, causing _______.
• Some disease-causing agents are
carried to humans by
_______such as cats, mosquitos,
and fleas
Agents of Disease
• Many microorganisms live in the
human body without causing
diseases.
• Some microorganisms are even
__________, such as the
bacteria that live in your gut.
• Other microorganisms may
_______cells or release _____as
they grow, causing _______.
• Some disease-causing agents are
carried to humans by
_______such as cats, mosquitos,
and fleas
Agents of Disease
• Many microorganisms live in the
human body without causing
diseases.
• Some microorganisms are even
beneficial, such as the bacteria
that live in your gut.
• Other microorganisms may
_______cells or release _____as
they grow, causing _______.
• Some disease-causing agents are
carried to humans by
_______such as cats, mosquitos,
and fleas
Agents of Disease
• Many microorganisms live in the
human body without causing
diseases.
• Some microorganisms are even
beneficial, such as the bacteria
that live in your gut.
• Other microorganisms may
destroy cells or release _____as
they grow, causing _______.
• Some disease-causing agents are
carried to humans by
_______such as cats, mosquitos,
and fleas
Agents of Disease
• Many microorganisms live in the
human body without causing
diseases.
• Some microorganisms are even
beneficial, such as the bacteria
that live in your gut.
• Other microorganisms may
destroy cells or release toxins as
they grow, causing _______.
• Some disease-causing agents are
carried to humans by
_______such as cats, mosquitos,
and fleas
Agents of Disease
• Many microorganisms live in the
human body without causing
diseases.
• Some microorganisms are even
beneficial, such as the bacteria
that live in your gut.
• Other microorganisms may
destroy cells or release toxins as
they grow, causing disease.
• Some disease-causing agents are
carried to humans by
_______such as cats, mosquitos,
and fleas
Agents of Disease
• Many microorganisms live in the
human body without causing
diseases.
• Some microorganisms are even
beneficial, such as the bacteria
that live in your gut.
• Other microorganisms may
destroy cells or release toxins as
they grow, causing disease.
• Some disease-causing agents are
carried to humans by vectors
such as cats, mosquitos, and
fleas
Viruses
• Viruses are ___-_______,
________________ invaders
• Viruses consist of just a protein
coat called a _____, a _____ ____,
and sometimes a bit of membrane
that is stolen from the host cell
• Viruses can infect almost every
type of organism
• Viruses inject their genetic
material into the ____cell where it
goes to the nucleus and hijacks the
cellular machinery. When many
new viruses have been made, they
are ________ from the cell.
Sometimes the cell bursts when
new viruses are released
• Some viral diseases include the
common cold, the flu, smallpox,
warts, and HIV/AIDS
ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT KILL VIRUSES!!!
Viruses
• Viruses are non-living,
________________ invaders
• Viruses consist of just a protein
coat called a _____, a _____ ____,
and sometimes a bit of membrane
that is stolen from the host cell
• Viruses can infect almost every
type of organism
• Viruses inject their genetic
material into the ____cell where it
goes to the nucleus and hijacks the
cellular machinery. When many
new viruses have been made, they
are ________ from the cell.
Sometimes the cell bursts when
new viruses are released
• Some viral diseases include the
common cold, the flu, smallpox,
warts, and HIV/AIDS
ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT KILL VIRUSES!!!
Viruses
• Viruses are non-living, intracellular
invaders
• Viruses consist of just a protein
coat called a _____, a _____ ____,
and sometimes a bit of membrane
that is stolen from the host cell
• Viruses can infect almost every
type of organism
• Viruses inject their genetic
material into the ____cell where it
goes to the nucleus and hijacks the
cellular machinery. When many
new viruses have been made, they
are ________ from the cell.
Sometimes the cell bursts when
new viruses are released
• Some viral diseases include the
common cold, the flu, smallpox,
warts, and HIV/AIDS
ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT KILL VIRUSES!!!
Viruses
• Viruses are non-living, intracellular
invaders
• Viruses consist of just a protein
coat called a capsid, a _____ ____,
and sometimes a bit of membrane
that is stolen from the host cell
• Viruses can infect almost every
type of organism
• Viruses inject their genetic
material into the ____cell where it
goes to the nucleus and hijacks the
cellular machinery. When many
new viruses have been made, they
are ________ from the cell.
Sometimes the cell bursts when
new viruses are released
• Some viral diseases include the
common cold, the flu, smallpox,
warts, and HIV/AIDS
ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT KILL VIRUSES!!!
Viruses
• Viruses are non-living, intracellular
invaders
• Viruses consist of just a protein
coat called a capsid, a nucleic acid,
and sometimes a bit of membrane
that is stolen from the host cell
• Viruses can infect almost every
type of organism
• Viruses inject their genetic
material into the ____cell where it
goes to the nucleus and hijacks the
cellular machinery. When many
new viruses have been made, they
are ________ from the cell.
Sometimes the cell bursts when
new viruses are released
• Some viral diseases include the
common cold, the flu, smallpox,
warts, and HIV/AIDS
ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT KILL VIRUSES!!!
Viruses
• Viruses are non-living, intracellular
invaders
• Viruses consist of just a protein
coat called a capsid, a nucleic acid,
and sometimes a bit of membrane
that is stolen from the host cell
• Viruses can infect almost every
type of organism
• Viruses inject their genetic
material into the host cell where it
goes to the nucleus and hijacks the
cellular machinery. When many
new viruses have been made, they
are ________ from the cell.
Sometimes the cell bursts when
new viruses are released
• Some viral diseases include the
common cold, the flu, smallpox,
warts, and HIV/AIDS
ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT KILL VIRUSES!!!
Viruses
• Viruses are non-living, intracellular
invaders
• Viruses consist of just a protein
coat called a capsid, a nucleic acid,
and sometimes a bit of membrane
that is stolen from the host cell
• Viruses can infect almost every
type of organism
• Viruses inject their genetic
material into the host cell where it
goes to the nucleus and hijacks the
cellular machinery. When many
new viruses have been made, they
are released from the cell.
Sometimes the cell bursts when
new viruses are released
• Some viral diseases include the
common cold, the flu, smallpox,
warts, and HIV/AIDS
ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT KILL VIRUSES!!!
Bacteria
• Most bacteria are harmless to
humans
There are two ways that bacteria
can cause disease:
1. Some bacteria _____ ____
human tissues for food
2. Some bacteria _______ _____
that harm the body
• Examples of bacterial diseases are
strep infections, staph infections,
diptheria, botulism, and anthrax.
• Many bacterial diseases can be
treated and cured with
___________
Bacteria
• Most bacteria are harmless to
humans
There are two ways that bacteria
can cause disease:
1. Some bacteria break down
human tissues for food
2. Some bacteria _______ _____
that harm the body
• Examples of bacterial diseases are
strep infections, staph infections,
diptheria, botulism, and anthrax.
• Many bacterial diseases can be
treated and cured with
___________
Bacteria
• Most bacteria are harmless to
humans
There are two ways that bacteria
can cause disease:
1. Some bacteria break down
human tissues for food
2. Some bacteria release toxins
that harm the body
• Examples of bacterial diseases are
strep infections, staph infections,
diptheria, botulism, and anthrax.
• Many bacterial diseases can be
treated and cured with
___________
Bacteria
• Most bacteria are harmless to
humans
There are two ways that bacteria
can cause disease:
1. Some bacteria break down
human tissues for food
2. Some bacteria release toxins
that harm the body
• Examples of bacterial diseases are
strep infections, staph infections,
diptheria, botulism, and anthrax.
• Many bacterial diseases can be
treated and cured with
antibiotics
Question for YOU!
• What are some of the differences between
bacterial cells (prokaryotes) and eukaryotic
cells? (Hint – what are bacteria missing?)
Write the answer on your iPad using
awwapp.com or any whiteboard app
Protists
• Most protists that cause disease are also
called parasites. They are __________.
• ________ is a disease caused by a protist
called Plasmodium that is carried by a
mosquito ______. It causes cycles of
fevers, chills, and sweats. It is deadly if
left untreated
• ________disease is caused by the protist
Typanosoma cruzi and carried by “kissing
bugs” (the vectors). It causes lesions
(sores) on the heart and slows down
peristalsis, the movement that pushes
partially digested food through your gut.
Some researchers believe that Charles
Darwin died of Chagas disease.
Protists
• Most protists that cause disease are also
called parasites. They are eukaryotes.
• _______ is a disease caused by a protist
called Plasmodium that is carried by a
mosquito ______. It causes cycles of
fevers, chills, and sweats. It is deadly if
left untreated
• ________disease is caused by the protist
Typanosoma cruzi and carried by “kissing
bugs” (the vectors). It causes lesions
(sores) on the heart and slows down
peristalsis, the movement that pushes
partially digested food through your gut.
Some researchers believe that Charles
Darwin died of Chagas disease.
Protists
• Most protists that cause disease are also
called parasites. They are eukaryotes.
• Malaria is a disease caused by a protist
called Plasmodium that is carried by a
mosquito ______. It causes cycles of
fevers, chills, and sweats. It is deadly if
left untreated
• ________disease is caused by the protist
Typanosoma cruzi and carried by “kissing
bugs” (the vectors). It causes lesions
(sores) on the heart and slows down
peristalsis, the movement that pushes
partially digested food through your gut.
Some researchers believe that Charles
Darwin died of Chagas disease.
Protists
• Most protists that cause disease are also
called parasites. They are eukaryotes.
• Malaria is a disease caused by a protist
called Plasmodium that is carried by a
mosquito vector. It causes cycles of
fevers, chills, and sweats. It is deadly if
left untreated
• ________disease is caused by the protist
Typanosoma cruzi and carried by “kissing
bugs” (the vectors). It causes lesions
(sores) on the heart and slows down
peristalsis, the movement that pushes
partially digested food through your gut.
Some researchers believe that Charles
Darwin died of Chagas disease.
Protists
• Most protists that cause disease are also
called parasites. They are eukaryotes.
• Malaria is a disease caused by a protist
called Plasmodium that is carried by a
mosquito vector. It causes cycles of
fevers, chills, and sweats. It is deadly if
left untreated
• Chagas disease is caused by the protist
Typanosoma cruzi and carried by “kissing
bugs” (the vectors). It causes lesions
(sores) on the heart and slows down
peristalsis, the movement that pushes
partially digested food through your gut.
Some researchers believe that Charles
Darwin died of Chagas disease.
Worms
• Worms are animals that
can cause disease in
humans.
• Tapeworms and
hookworms infect the gut.
• From the 1900s to the
1950s, some people
intentionally swallowed
tapeworms to lose weight
Fungi
• Some fungi can also cause
diseases in humans.
• Tinea is a fungus that
causes ________ ____. It
can also infect the scalp
and cause ___________.
• Other fungi can infect the
mouth, throat,
fingernails, and toenails
Fungi
• Some fungi can also cause
diseases in humans.
• Tinea is a fungus that
causes Athlete’s Foot. It
can also infect the scalp
and cause _________.
• Other fungi can infect the
mouth, throat,
fingernails, and toenails
Fungi
• Some fungi can also cause
diseases in humans.
• Tinea is a fungus that
causes Athlete’s Foot. It
can also infect the scalp
and cause ringworm.
• Other fungi can infect the
mouth, throat,
fingernails, and toenails
How Diseases are Spread
• _________ _________:
– Touching
– Coughing on someone
– Sexual contact
• ___________________:
– Undercooked food
– Dirty water
• _________ _________:
–
–
–
–
Vectors carry diseases
Ticks & fleas
Reptiles
Wild animals
How Diseases are Spread
• Physical contact:
– Touching
– Coughing on someone
– Sexual contact
• ___________________:
– Undercooked food
– Dirty water
• _________ _________:
–
–
–
–
Vectors carry diseases
Ticks & fleas
Reptiles
Wild animals
How Diseases are Spread
• Physical contact:
– Touching
– Coughing on someone
– Sexual contact
• Contaminated food and
water:
– Undercooked food
– Dirty water
• _________ _________:
–
–
–
–
Vectors carry diseases
Ticks & fleas
Reptiles
Wild animals
How Diseases are Spread
• Physical contact:
– Touching
– Coughing on someone
– Sexual contact
• Contaminated food and
water:
– Undercooked food
– Dirty water
• Infected animals:
–
–
–
–
Vectors carry diseases
Ticks & fleas
Reptiles
Wild animals
Fighting Infectious Diseases
• Antibiotics can kill ________
• Other prescription drugs can kill
_____ and ________, though
these are more difficult to kill
• ____-__-_______ drugs treat
only the ________of infections.
They cannot cure diseases
• ________ situations where you
may contract a disease and
_______ your _____frequently
can help _______the spread of
infectious diseases
Fighting Infectious Diseases
• Antibiotics can kill bacteria
• Other prescription drugs can kill
_____ and ________, though
these are more difficult to kill
• ____-__-_______ drugs treat
only the ________of infections.
They cannot cure diseases
• ________ situations where you
may contract a disease and
_______ your _____frequently
can help _______the spread of
infectious diseases
Fighting Infectious Diseases
• Antibiotics can kill bacteria
• Other prescription drugs can kill
fungi and protists, though these
are more difficult to kill
• ____-__-_______ drugs treat
only the ________of infections.
They cannot cure diseases
• ________ situations where you
may contract a disease and
_______ your _____frequently
can help _______the spread of
infectious diseases
Fighting Infectious Diseases
• Antibiotics can kill bacteria
• Other prescription drugs can kill
fungi and protists, though these are
more difficult to kill
• Over-the-counter drugs treat only
the symptoms of infections. They
cannot cure diseases
• ________ situations where you may
contract a disease and _______
your _____frequently can help
_______the spread of infectious
diseases
Fighting Infectious Diseases
• Antibiotics can kill bacteria
• Other prescription drugs can kill
fungi and protists, though these are
more difficult to kill
• Over-the-counter drugs treat only
the symptoms of infections. They
cannot cure diseases
• Avoiding situations where you may
contract a disease and washing
your hands frequently can help
prevent the spread of infectious
diseases
Activity/Exit Ticket
• There is a new virus called MERS that has been spreading. The first
confirmed case in the U.S. occurred in Indiana just a few days ago.
• With a partner or by yourself, read this article
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-healthofficials-to-hold-briefing-today-on-first-us-mers-case20140505,0,1291781.story
• Using your iPad, research the MERS virus and find the answers to
the following questions. Write your answers on a piece of paper
and turn them in as you leave.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Where did the MERS virus originate?
What does MERS stand for?
What is an incubation period, and how long is the incubation for the
MERS virus?
How can you reduce your chances of contracting MERS?
Should we be concerned about the MERS virus? Do you think it is
going to spread throughout the entire U.S.? Why or why not.