Transcript HSN Ch 11 - Teacherx

Chapter Eleven – Prevention of Illness
through Infection Control
Research Findings and Need for Wellness Policies
 Early childhood programs that have set routines for cleaning
and disinfecting lower germ transmission
 Infants and toddlers are more vulnerable because their bodies
are smaller
 Children do no thave good hygiene practices
 3 key tools of risk management for health are:
 prevention, protection, and promotion
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Research Findings and Need for
• Five Commandments of Infectious
Wellness Policies
Disease Control
• Prevent spread of disease
• Require and monitor immunizations
• Report some illnesses to public health
authorities and parents
• Exclude some children
• Be prepared to deal with an ill child, if
need be
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Mechanisms of Infectious Disease
Spread
diseases spread through the air and
person to person contact
Infants and toddlers mouth toys, so
are more likely to be exposed to
organisms that cause disease
4 ways germs spread
 respiratory
 Fecal/oral
 Direct contact
 Blood contact
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Mechanisms of Infectious Disease
Spread
Respiratory Tract
Transmission
 Sneeze, cough, drool
 Tiny droplets from eyes,
mouth and nose are in air
 Transmitted through air
when another person
breathes it in
 They can multiply and cause
illness - live for 2 hours
 Hand washing is major
deterrent to spread
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Mechanisms of Infectious Disease
Spread
Fecal-Oral Transmission
 Germs from one person’s feces find their way
into another person’s mouth, are swallowed
and get into the digestive system
 Causes "stomach flu", diarrhea,
 Most common way is when hands are not
washed after toileting, before eating, or food
preparation
 Water tables are another method - exposure
to Crypto
 Proper food preparation is necessary
 Hand washing is major deterrent to spread
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Mechanisms of Infectious Disease
Spread
• Direct Contact Transmission
• Occurs when one person has contact with
secretions from an infected person
• Secretions can be left on doorknobs, toys,
bedding, books, and other objects
• Also occurs with parasites, such as lice
infestation which occurs with contact
• Good hygiene, including hand washing and
sanitizing are deterrents to spread
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Mechanisms of Infectious Disease
Spread
Blood Contact Transmission
 Occurs when infected blood of one person
enters bloodstream of another person
 Spread occurs when infected person has
cut, scraped skin, or bloody nose and
person interacting with infected person has
open sore, chapped hands, etc.
 Can also occur when mucous membranes
come into contact with infected blood
 Disposable gloves should be worn when
treating presence of blood
 Child-biting becomes a serious issue
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Mechanisms of Infectious Disease
Spread
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Immunizations for Disease
Prevention
• Follow recommended schedule for
immunizations
• Children who are not immunized put
others at risk
• During a disease outbreak unimmunized
children should be excluded
• Track immunizations so all children
are up to date
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Reality Check: At Risk for Preventable Diseases
Why do some children go
unimmunized?
What is the procedure if your state
allows religious or personal beliefs to
prevent a child’s immunization?
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Universal Sanitary Practices
for the Early Childhood Education
Environment
• Hand Washing
• Use Universal
Sanitary Hand
Washing Procedures
• 4 steps:
• Use soap and water
• Rub hands for 20
seconds
• Dry with a paper
towel
• Turn off the faucet
with a paper towel
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
UNIVERSAL SANITARY PRACTICES
FOR THE EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
ENVIRONMENT
• Hand washing for
children & teachers
• Handwashing for
teachers
• Upon arrival
• After handling bodily
fluids
• Before eating or drinking
• Before/after/during food
• After touching a sick
prep
child
• Before/after giving meds
• After using the toilet or
changing a diaper
• After toileting a child
• After coughing/sneezing
• After handling toys
• Before/after using a
• After moving to another
water table
age group
• Before/after using a sand
box
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights
• After touching animals Reserved.
Universal Sanitary Practices
for the Early Childhood Education
Environment
• Diapering
• Proper diapering procedures should
be followed to avoid the spread of
infection
• Special covered container for soiled
diapers
• Use gloves
• Put soiled clothes in a bag
• Wash hands of child and teacher
• Procedures pg 419
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Universal Sanitary Practices
for the Early Childhood Education
Environment
• Toileting
• This is a good time to teach children about
the importance of hand washing
• Sanitize the toilet and sink daily
• Conveniently located inside
• Child size toilet or potty seat
• Observe them when they are washing
hands
• Teach the 20 second rule.
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Universal Sanitary Practices
for the Early Childhood Education
Environment
Cleaning, Disinfecting, Sanitizing
 Cleaning - stops the growth of germs,
remove dirt
 Sanitize - Germs will reduced to level
at which disease transmission is
unlikely
 Disinfecting - Kills ALL the bacteria
 Use green cleaning products when
possible
Contamination - refers to
cleaning process of bodily fluids
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Contamination clean up
Step 1. - Remove children from the area, remove all
toys
Step 2 - Put on protective gear and remove the waste
Step 3 - Use tongs to pick up objects in the spill
Step 4 - Dispose of spill waste
Step 5 - Remove gear, washing hands with
disinfectant, then wash with soap for 20 seconds
Step 6 - When the area is clean, dry and properly
disinfected, the children can return to the area
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights
Reserved.
Environmental Quality Control for
Disease Prevention
Water Play & Play Dough
-
 germs like to multiply here.
Children are putting their
hands in the water and
spreading the germs
 Wash hands before and
after
Air Qualityd
Contamination
Monitor for disease
prevention
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Supporting and Engaging
Diverse Families
Engaging Diverse
Families
 Immunizations
 Educate about keeping
ill children at home
Cultural Competence
 Provide resources for
connection to source for
immunization
Activities for Family
Engagement
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Building Curriculum
• For Children
• Modeling and practicing what they
have seen
• Hand washing
• Sneezing
• Coughing
• Books
• Art
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.