Transcript Chronic Diseases - Bremen High School District 228

Chronic Diseases
Chapter 23
Chronic Diseases
• Diseases that persist for a long period or recur
throughout life
• Chronic diseases are caused by behavioral,
environmental, or hereditary
• The leading cause of death in the United
States
Cardiovascular Diseases
• Are the most common chronic diseases
• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
Hypertension
• Also known as high blood pressure and is a silent
killer.
• Normal blood pressure is 120/80. A person who’s
blood pressure constantly measures 140/90 or
higher has hyper tension.
• Can lead to heart disease or death
• Exercise, healthy weight, reducing stress, eating
foods low in sodium will reduce your risk
Atherosclerosis
• Also known at
hardening of the
arteries.
• A disease where fatty
substances called
plaque build up in your
arteries
• This makes blood flow
difficult, so your blood
pressure rises
Heart Attack
• Occurs when the tissue in the heart doesn’t receive
its normal blood supply
• Usually caused by a blood clot that blocks the flow
of blood to the heart
• Each year, over a million people in the United States
suffer from heart attacks and ½ will die from it
Arrhythmia
•
•
•
•
Also known as irregular heartbeats
Usually caused by years of arthrosclerosis.
Heart can beat either too slow too fast.
Fibrillation is a life-threatenign arrhythmia in which
the heart twitches rapidly in an uncoordinated
fashion.
Congestive Heart Failure
• The heart slowly weakens over time
• Usually caused by years of arthrosclerosis and high
blood pressure.
• The Heart is unable to pump the blood like it once
did
Stroke
• Sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain
• Usually caused by a blood clot blocking an artery to the
brain
• Strokes can occur when a weakened artery in the brain
bursts flooding the area with blood. Without a supply of
blood brain cells soon die from lack of oxygen.
• Risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, smoking excessive use of alcohol, physical
inactivity and obesity.
Testing and Treatment of
Cardiovascular Diseases
• Cardiovascular disease CANNOT be cured, but can be
controlled. Below are some of the medical
technologies used to test for cardiovascular disease
and the treatment methods used to treat and
improve person’s health.
Complete the fill in the blanks on page 2 of
the packet using books page 606
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
• Risks you can not control
▫ Heredity
• Risks you can control
▫ Maintain healthy weight
 Family history
▫ Ethnicity
▫ Gender
 Men vs women
▫ Eat a healthy diet
▫ Exercise
▫ Manage stress
▫ Age
 Older people have a higher
risk
▫ Monitor blood pressure
▫ Do not Smoke or drink
CANCER
Incidence of Breast Cancer cases vs Prostate Cancer
Using the graph answer the questions on page 3 in your packet.
How CANCER effects the body
•Cancer is a group of diseases that involves the rapid,
uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
•Cancer harms the body by destroying healthy body
tissues.
• Cancer cells typically for a mass called a tumor
• Malignant means that the tumor IS cancerous
• Benign means that the tumor is NOT cancerous
• Cancer cells can travel in the blood stream and spread to
other parts of the body and this is called metastasis.
• Many cancers can be treated if caught early
Causes of Cancer
• Heredity
▫ Can inherit genes that are cancer causing
• Environment
▫ Cancer causing agents called Carcinogens are in the air
What carcinogens are you exposed too?
How can you protect yourself from them?
-Lifestyle factors (nutrition, tobacco use, physical activity, tanning and over
exposure to sun etc.)
-Naturally occurring exposures (ultraviolet light, radon gas, infectious
agents, etc.)
-Medical treatments (chemotherapy, radiation, immune systemsuppressing drugs, etc.)
-Workplace exposures
-Household exposures
-Pollution
Types of Cancer
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Skin
Prostate
Breast
Lung
Colorectal
Cervical
Oral
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Ovarian
Leukemia
In the table in the packet on
page 4 list the symptoms of
each type of cancer using page
611 in the book
Warning signs
• Change in bowl or bladder
• A sore throat that does not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Thickening or lump
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• Obvious change in wart or mole
• Nagging cough or hoarseness
TREATMENT
▫ Surgery – Can remove part or all of the tumor either
malignant or benign
▫ Radiation Therapy – Can kill cancer cells in slow tumor
growth by using an external source that supplies radiation
either directly or indirectly to the tumor.
▫ Chemotherapy – uses drugs to slow the reproduction of
cancer cells. Immunotherapy uses drugs to stimulate the
body’s immune system to attack cancer cells.
Other Chronic Diseases
Diabetes
• Diabetes is a disease in which the body’s ability to
produce glucose (sugar) is impaired
• Can be life threatening if NOT controlled
• There are 2 types
• Type 1
▫ Person produces NO insulin
▫ Without insulin glucose levels in the blood remain high
▫ Usually in children
• Type 2
▫ Usually occurs in people over 30 and people who are
overweight
▫ Person produces insulin but their body does not
respond to it
▫ High level of glucose in the blood
• Open discussion
▫ Type 2 diabetes is on the rise. Why do you think this is
happening?
▫ What can you do to prevent it from happening to you?
Allergies & Asthma
• Allergies
▫ Immune system is sensitive to certain substances
 Plant pollen, dust, mold, some foods, & medicine
• Asthma
▫ Persons respiratory passage becomes swollen and narrow
▫ Can be a reaction to certain triggers.
▫ Managing asthma involves avoiding triggers or the use of
medicines
Arthritis
• Inflammation and irritation of a
joint
• Stiffness, joint pain, swelling
occurs in the joint
• Osteoarthritis is caused by
repeated wear and tear on the
joints
• Rheumatoid arthritis is when the
surrounding joint becomes
inflamed. The cause is unknown
but may ne linked to the immune
system
Alzheimer's
• A disease of the brain
• Brings mental
confusion, inability to
function
• Can lead to death