Transcript Document

Gomez, Annemarie and Manuel, Clang
ASMPH YL9
January 2, 2013
Immunization
• Inducing immunity against a specific disease
• Passive vs Active
Passive Immunization
• Administration of preformed antibodies to
induce transient protection against an
infectious agent
• Major indications:
– Protection to immunodeficient children with B
lymphocyte defects
– Children exposed to infectious diseases
– Children at imminent risk of exposure with no
adequate time to develop active immune
response to vaccine
Active Immunization
• Whole or parts of microorganisms
administered to prevent an infectious disease
– Toxoid: modified bacterial toxin that is made non
toxic and still able to induce active immune
response
Childhood Immunization Schedule 2012 PPS
Philippine EPI Vaccines
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BCG
DTwP
Hepatitis B
Hib
Measles
MMR
OPV
Rotavirus
BCG
• Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
• Intradermal
• Earliest possible age: at birth (within 2
months)
• If > 2 mos without BCG, no PPD needed
• Dose:
– 0.05mL < 12 months
– 0.01mL > 12 months
DIPHTHERIA AND TETANUS TOXOIDS,
ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS (DTaP)
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Intramuscular
Earliest possible age: 6 weeks
3 doses: 2-4-6 (months)
Fourth dose may be administered as early as
12 months (6 mos should have elapsed since
3rd dose)
• Fifth dose may not be given if the 4th dose was
administered at age 4 years or older
Hepatitis B
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Intramuscular
Schedule: 0-1-6 months
First dose: within first 12 hours of life
Next 2 doses at least 4 weeks apart
Third dose not earlier than 24 weeks of age
Fourth dose only for the ff:
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3rd dose given before 24 weeks
Those using 0-6-14 weeks EPI schedule
Preterm < 2kg first dose given at birth
HBsAg (-) mothers
Hepatitis B
• If mother is HBsAg (+)
– Administer HBV and HBIg (0.5mL) within 12 hrs of
life
• If mother’s HBsAg status unknown
– Administer HBV within 12 hours of birth and
determine HBsAg status ASAP
– If HBsAg (+) administer HBIg no later than 7 days
of life
Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB)
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Intramuscular
Schedule: 6-10-14 weeks
Minimum age: 6 weeks
Minimum interval: 4 weeks
If 1st dose given 7-11 months, 2nd dose should be
given at least 4 weeks later, 3rd dose at least 8
weeks from 2nd dose
• 1 dose of HIB should be considered for
unimmunized children > 5 yrs with sickle cell
disease, HIV, leukemia, or splenectomy
Measles
• Subcutaneous
• Earliest possible age: 6 months in cases of
outbreaks
• Otherwise: 9 months
• Children who receive measles vaccines at < 12
months should be given 2 additional doses at
12- 15 months with 4 weeks in between
preferably as MMR
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
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Subcutaneous
Earliest possible age: 12 months
2nd dose: 4-6 years
Children 12 months or older given any
measles-containing vaccine should be given 1
dose of MMR vaccine separated by 4 weeks
from first measles vaccine
Poliovirus (IPV/OPV)
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IM/Oral
Minimum age: 6 weeks, intervals of 4 weeks
Schedule: 6-10-14 weeks
Final dose on or after 4yrs old and at least 6
months after previous dose
Rotavirus
• Per orem
• RV 1 (monovalent)
– First dose: 6 weeks
– Second dose: not later than 24 weeks
• RV 5 (pentavalent)
– First dose: 6-14 weeks
– Third dose: not later than 32 weeks
Other vaccines
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Hepatitis A
HPV
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Varicella
Meningococcal
Rabies
Typhoid