Transcript Infection Control

Methods used to control the spread of infection
Precautions
AKA: “Universal” precautions
Used to break the chain of infection
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Standard Precautions
 Used

on ALL patients
Includes:
– Hand washing
– Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
 Gloves
 Gowns
 Masks and eye
protection
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Needle stick safety
Sharps
Spills and splashes
Resuscitation devices
Waste and linen
disposal
– Injuries
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PPE

Use when there is risk of contact with any
blood or body fluid
– Secretion
– Excretion
– Mucous membrane
– Non-intact skin
– Tissue specimen
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Standard Precautions

Hand washing
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Standard Precautions

Personal protection equipment (PPE)
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions
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Gloves
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Standard Precautions

Gowns
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Standard Precautions

Masks and eye protection
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Standard Precautions

Needlestick safety
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Standard Precautions

Sharps
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Standard Precautions

Spills and splashes
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Standard Precautions

Resuscitation devices
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Standard Precautions

Waste and linen disposal
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Standard Precautions

Injuries
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Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
Blood = human blood, blood components,
blood products
 Bloodborne pathogens = disease causing
organisms in blood
 Examples:

– (Hep. B, Hep. C, HIV)
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Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
In an emergency, you may not be able
to identify body fluids or tell whether they
contain blood, treat all body fluids as
potentially infectious.
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Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
Applies to all occupational exposure of
blood or other potentially infectious
material.
 Always remember safety when using
equipment/supplies
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Be Aware
Never re-cap needles
 Use sharp containers
 Use resuscitation devices
 Reduce exposure to BBP by using PPE

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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Tuberculosis Standard

OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally
transmitted/acquired TB

Requires FIT tested and training in the use
of specific respiratory PPE

PPD skin test annually
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Methods used to control the spread of infection
Extended Infection Control
Precautions
Standard Precautions PLUS
 Airborne Precautions
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Contact Precautions
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Droplet Precautions
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Extended Infection Control
Precautions
 Transmission based precautions
– Additional precautions used with patients
infected with pathogens that are spread via:
 airborne transmission
 droplet transmission
 direct contact
– Requires isolation
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Airborne precautions
– Pt’s door must be close
– pathogens are transmitted by airborne
droplets – suspend in air or on dust particles
– prevents the spread of illnesses such as
measles (rubella) , chicken pox (varicella), TB
(tuberculosis), and shingles (Herpes Zoster)
– Specific PPEs– HEPA respirators are required for HCP
 HCP must be fit tested for a Hiigh Efficiency
Particulate Respirator (HEPA)
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Contact precautions
– Anything that comes in contact with pt is
contaminated
 Indirect/direct
– Pt must be in private room
– Needed for diseases that can be easily
transmitted
– Diapered or incontinent pts with intestinal
infections
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Contact precautions
– Helps prevent spread of GI, respiratory, skin,
or wound infections
– Specific PPEs
 gloves
 gowns
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Droplet precautions
– Most infection occurs within 3ft of pt
– Droplets are heavy and usually fall to floor
within 3 ft range
– Droplets come from
 Coughing, sneezing, talking and laughing
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Droplet precautions
– Helps prevent the spread of bacterial and viral
flu, meningitis, pneumonia, sinsusitis, otitis
media, diptheria, pertussis, adenoviruses,
mumps
– Specific PPEs Mask/face shield if working within
3 ft of patient
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Protective or reverse precautions
– Used to protect pt
– Example:
 Compromised immune system
 Cancer
 AIDS
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All Precautions
Limit use of non-critical care equipment to
single pt
 Wash hands before and after care
 Bag linen to prevent contamination to self,
environment, or outside of bag
 Double bag and discard infectious trash
 Limit transport of pt
 Follow PPE for pt illness
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