Transcript Circulatory & Immune Systems Review ppt

REVIEW
Transport
1. Which part of the human blood:
a. is the most numerous?
rbc’s
wbc’s
b. contains a nucleus?
c. is produced in the bone marrow?
rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets
d. consists mainly of water? plasma
white
blood cell
Y
red blood cell
2. Identify structures X, Y, and Z.
Z
platelet
3. Which activity is not a function of white blood cells
in response to an invasion of the body by
bacteria?
1. engulfing these bacteria
2. producing antibodies to act against this type of
bacteria
3. preparing for future invasions of this type of
bacteria
4. speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to
detect these bacteria
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4. Explain the difference between
arteries and veins.
•Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry
blood to the heart.
•Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than
veins.
•Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than
veins.
•Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
Arteries do not have valves.
5. Explain what occurs in capillaries and
why.
The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out
of the capillary.
Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin
lining that allows for diffusion to occur.
6.The diagram represents a
capillary near some cells.
a. Identify the substances diffusing
out of the capillary and into cells.
b. Identify the substances diffusing
out of cells into the capillary.
7. Identify the structures below.
Pulmonary
artery
aorta
Upper
vena cava
right
atrium
left
atrium
Pulmonary
vein
left
ventricle
right ventricle
8. When blood passes
through the heart
from the left atrium
(D) to the left
ventricle (E), it must
first pass through a
valve
9. Describe the function of plasma.
•Transports materials (blood cells, hormones,
wastes…)
10. Describe the function and shape of red
blood cells.
•Disc shaped, no nucleus, carries oxygen &
carbon dioxide
11. What do red blood cells contain?
• Hemoglobin (red protein that allows them to
carry oxygen)
12. Identify the part of blood being
described.
a. Most numerous blood cell.
• Red blood cells
b. Carries enzymes.
• plasma
c. Involved in blood clotting.
• platelets
d. Carries oxygen.
• Red blood cells
12. Identify the part of blood being
described.
e. Largest blood cell.
• White blood cells
f. Made up of 90% water.
• plasma
g. Involved in blood clotting.
• platelets
h. Protect the body against disease.
• White blood cells
i. Carries hormones.
• plasma
13. What component of blood is
important in healing wounds on the
skin?
a. red blood cells
b. urea
c. platelets
d. white blood cells
c
14. What is a pickup function of
blood?
a. picks up urine from the bladder
b. picks up undigested food from the
large intestine
c. picks up carbon dioxide from the
air in the lungs
d. picks up carbon dioxide waste
from cells.
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15. What is a major difference between
red blood cells and white blood cells?
a. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, but
white blood cells do not.
b. Red blood cells can move, but white blood
cells cannot.
c. Red blood cells contain nuclei, but white
blood cells do not.
d. Red blood cells engulf foreign bacteria, but
white blood cells do not.
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16. Where are red and white
blood cells made in the
body?
a. in lymph nodes
b. in bone marrow
c. at the sinoatrial node
d. in the heart
b
17. What component of blood
plays a role in protection
against disease?
a. white blood cells
b. platelets
c. urea
d. red blood cells
a
18. Which blood component is a
liquid?
a. platelets
b. white blood cells
c. plasma
d. red blood cells
c
19. Which type of blood could a
person with blood type O safely
receive?
• Only blood type O
20. What type of blood can a person
receive if they have blood type B?
• Types A, B, AB, and O
21. If someone has blood type A+,
a. what antigens are found on their blood
cells?
• A antigens
b. what antibodies are found in there blood
• Anti-B antibodies
c. what does the positive sign mean?
• They have the Rh factor (18 extra
proteins found on the red blood cells)
19. Which statement best describes the activities of the parts of
22 the blood shown in the diagram below?
A
B
C
a.
b.
c.
d.
A and B kill germs, and C carries oxygen.
A, B, and C produce hemoglobin.
B and C kill germs, and A carries nutrients.
A carries oxygen, B starts clotting, and C
kills germs.
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2320. What part of the blood carries minerals, vitamins, sugar, and
other foods to the body's cells?
a. plasma b. red blood cells c. white blood cells d. platelets
2421. What would happen to people who have an open wound and
whose blood did not clot naturally?
a. Nothing. Clotting is not important.
b. They would have to take special clotting drugs.
c. They would bleed to death.
d. They would need a transfusion of plasma.
c
a
25. Identify the blood vessels
below:
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins
26. Identify the blood vessel described.
a. Carry blood towards the heart.
• veins
b. Thickest blood vessel.
• arteries
c. Where the diffusion of substances occurs.
• capillaries
d. Contain valves.
• veins
26. Identify the blood vessel described.
e. Blood vessel used when measuring pulse rate.
• arteries
f. Thinnest blood vessel
• capillaries
g. Blood flows through with a lot of pressure.
• arteries
h. Very elastic.
• arteries
27. Explain the function of the circulatory system.
•Transport materials through the body
28. Describe the four chambers of the heart.
•right atrium & right ventricle – pump deoxygenated
blood from cells to lungs
•Left atrium & left ventricle – pump oxygenated blood
from lungs to cells
29. Explain the importance of valves in the heart.
•Prevent blood from moving backwards
30. Why is the septum so important?
•Prevents blood in right and left sides from mixing
31. Where is deoxygenated blood pumped to?
• The lungs
32. Where is oxygenated blood pumped to?
• To body cells
33. Identify the largest artery in the body. Where
does it pump blood to? Oxygenated or deoxygenated?
• Aorta, to all body cells, oxygenated
34.Identify the part of the heart being
described.
a. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood.
• Left atrium
b. Wall that separates the right and left side
of the heart.
• septum
c. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated
blood.
• Right ventricle
34. Identify the part of the heart being
described.
d. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood.
• Right atrium
e. Prevents the backflow of blood between
atria and ventricles.
• valves
f. Chamber that pulps out oxygenated blood.
• Left ventricles
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upper vena cava
aorta
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Lower vena cava
36. Which side of your heart pumps
oxygenated blood?
• left
37. To where will this blood be sent to?
• lungs
38. Which blood vessel carries
deoxygenated blood back to the right
side of the heart?
• Vena cava
39. What part of the heart receives
blood?
• atria
40. What is the function of a valve?
• Prevents backflow of blood
41. What kind of blood does the aorta
carry?
• oxygenated
42. Where does the aorta send blood to?
• Everywhere in the body
43.
A. aorta
Upper vena
cava J.
B.Left atrium
C.valve
Right
atrium I.
valve
H.
Right
ventricle
G.
F.
Lower vena cava
D. Left
ventricle
E. septum
Immune System Review
44. What is pathogen?
• Disease causing organism (germ)
45. How does the skin protect the body?
• It prevents pathogens from entering
the body.
46. Explain what happens during an
inflammatory response (2nd line of
defense)?
• White blood cells destroy pathogens.
47. How do antibodies work?
•They attach to the pathogen and
slow them down so they can be
destroyed by WBC’s.
48. How are antibodies made?
•White blood cells make them.
•T-cells tell the B-cells to make
them.
49. How are infectious diseases different from
noninfectious diseases?
• Infectious diseases are caused by a pathogen
and can be spread to someone else.
• Noninfectious diseases are not caused by a
pathogen and cannot be spread.
50. Identify 1 example of an infectious disease.
• AIDS, cold, flu, strep throat
51. Identify 1 example of a noninfectious disease.
• Cancer, diabetes
52. How does HIV affect the body?
• It destroys T- cells so antibodies
cannot be produced to fight off
pathogens.
53. What is an allergy?
• When the body is sensitive to a
certain substance.
54. Explain what happens if someone has
cancer?
• Abnormal cells divide uncontrollably.
55. Explain one difference between active and passive
immunity?
•
Active = permanent, you make your own antibodies
•
Passive = temporary, get antibodies from another
56. How does a person acquire active immunity to a specific
disease?
•
Get the disease, or get a vaccine.
57. What is a vaccine?
•
Injection of a dead or week pathogen, so body makes
antibodies and memory cells to fight it.
58. Give an example of someone acquiring passive immunity.
•
Baby getting mother’s antibodies before birth and
through breast milk.
59. Explain how wbc’s can
protect the body against
disease.
Wbc’s produce antibodies and
memory cells when a pathogen
(antigen) enter the body.
60. Give an example of a
process that brings about
active immunity.
Person can come into contact with
the pathogen (get sick).
A person can get a vaccine.
62.What substances are
formed by the human body
in response to foreign
proteins entering the body?
Antibodies
63. An individual who has had
chicken pox rarely gets this
disease again. What type of
immunity is represented?
Active Immunity
64. Explain the contents
of a vaccine.
Dead or weak PATHOGEN
65.How does a measles vaccine
protect a child entering
school against the measles?
• Vaccine is injected.
• The body makes antibodies and
memory cells.
• Antibodies help kill the pathogen.
• Memory cells stay to “remember”
the pathogen.
66. Which type of immunity is
when your body makes the
antibodies after recovering from
a disease or getting a
vaccination?
Passive Immunity
67. The immune system of humans may
respond to chemicals on the surface of
an invading organism.
What are these chemicals on the surface
called? Explain what will happen once
these chemicals enter the body.
• Antigens
• The body will produce antibodies
and memory cells.
68. Which substances may
form in the human body due
to invaders entering the
blood?
Antibodies and memory cells.
69. What is an allergy?
An oversensitivity to a HARMLESS
substance.
70. What occurs when someone
experiences an allergic reaction?
The body makes HISTAMINES.
71. What pathogen causes AIDS?
• HIV (virus)
72. What is the effect of AIDS on the
body?
• It weakens the immune system
(destroys T- cells) so the body cannot
fight pathogens well.
73. Describe cancer.
• Uncontrolled cell growth
• A tumor may form.
74. Which statement best describes what
happens when someone receives a
vaccination?
1. The ability to fight disease will increase
due to antibodies received from the
pathogen.
2. The ability to fight disease caused by the
pathogen will increase due to antibody
production.
3. The ability to produce antibodies will
decrease after the vaccination.
4. The ability to resist most types of diseases
will increase.
2
75. Which activity is not a function of white
blood cells in response to a pathogen?
1. engulfing these bacteria
2. producing antibodies to act against this
type of bacteria
3. preparing for future invasions of this type
of bacteria
4. speeding transmissions of nerve impulses
to detect these bacteria
4
76. The immune system of humans may respond
to chemicals on the surface of a pathogen
by
1. releasing hormones that break down these
chemicals
2. synthesizing antibodies that mark these
organisms to be destroyed
3. secreting antibiotics that attach to these
organisms
4. altering a DNA sequence in these organisms
2
77. Vaccinations help prepare the
body to fight invasions of a
specific pathogen by
1. inhibiting antigen production
2. stimulating antibody production
3. inhibiting white blood cell
production
4. stimulating red blood cell
production
2
78. Which statement best describes an
immune response?
1. It always produces antibiotics.
2. It usually involves the recognition and
destruction of pathogens.
3. It stimulates asexual reproduction and
resistance in pathogens.
4. It releases red blood cells that destroy
parasites.
2
79. Which phrase does not describe a
way the human body responds to fight
disease?
(1) destruction of infectious agents by
white blood cells
(2) production of antibodies by white
blood cells
(3) increased production of white blood
cells
(4) production of pathogens by white
blood cells
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80. A person with AIDS is likely to
develop infectious diseases because
the virus that causes AIDS
(1) destroys cancerous cells
(2) damages the immune system
(3) increases the rate of antibody
production
(4) increases the rate of microbe
destruction
2
81.
1
82.
1
83. Part of the body’s first line of defense
against disease-causing organisms is
a. the immune system b. the skin
c. antibodies
d. interferon
b
84. Molecules that are foreign to your body
are called
a. antibodies b. white blood cells
c. antigens
d. histamines
c
85. In some individuals, the immune system
attacks substances that are usually
harmless, resulting in
1. an allergic reaction
2. a form of cancer
3. an insulin imbalance
4. a mutation
1
86. Infectious diseases are caused by
a. deficiencies in the diet
b. Allergies
c. microscopic organisms that can be
transmitted from one organism to another
d. malfunctioning organs
c
87. Which substances may form in the human body
due to invaders entering the blood?
a. nutrients
b. vaccines
c. antibodies
d. red blood cells
c
88. Resistance to a specific disease is a(n)
a. antibiotic.
b. immunity.
c. white blood cells.
d. addiction
b
89. Once you have had the chicken pox, it is
unlikely that you will ever get the disease
again because your body has developed a(n)
a. passive immunity.
b. addiction.
c. active immunity.
d. antibiotic.
c
90. Immunity that occurs when a body makes
its own antibodies is called
_________immunity.
a. Passive
b. Temporary
c. Shortened
d. Active
d
91. An injection of a weakened virus that
allows one to develop immunity against a
disease is called a
a. antibody
b. vaccine
c. epidemic
d. pathogen
b
92. Which of the following parts of the body's
defense system seeks out and destroys
bacteria?
a. mucus
b. white blood cells
c. skin
d. red blood cells
b