Transcript Chapter 1

Outline:
1.Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life
Expectancy
2.Leading Health Problems in the
U.S.
3.Physical Activity & Exercise
Defined
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2007 ACSM/AHA Physical
Activity & Public Health
Recommendations
Federal Guidelines for Physical
Activity
Chapter 1
Physical Fitness &
Wellness
4.Wellness
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The 7 Dimensions of Wellness
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Fitness Standards: Health vs.
Physical Fitness
5.Wellness, Fitness, & Longevity
6.Types of Physical Fitness
7.Which Program Is Best?
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Benefits of a Comprehensive
Wellness Program
8.The Wellness Challenge for Our
Day
9.National Health Objectives for
2010
10.Wellness Education: Using this
Book
11.Exercise Safety
12.Assessment of Resting Heart
Rate and Blood Pressure
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Physical Fitness & Wellness
• Technology has almost completely
eliminated the need for physical exertion
in daily life as most activities can be
accomplished by machines
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Physical Fitness & Wellness
• Research findings in the last three
decades have shown that physical
inactivity and negative lifestyle habits
increase the risk for chronic diseases and
premature mortality
• Physical inactivity is the second greatest
threat to public health in the U.S. and has
been termed SeDs or “Sedentary Death
Syndrome”
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Life Expectancy
• Beginning of the 20th century
– Life expectancy was 47 years
– Major life threats were infectious diseases:
tuberculosis, diphtheria, influenza, polio, etc.
• Mid-to-late 20th century
– Infectious diseases eliminated with medical
breakthroughs
– Life expectancy increased but living the socalled “good life” encouraged chronic diseases:
hypertension, coronary heart disease,
diabetes, cancer, etc.
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Causes of death in the United States
for selected years
• Physical inactivity and
poor lifestyle habits
have caused an
increase in the
incidence of chronic
diseases
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Factors that determine our health and
longevity
• Three basic factors determine health and
longevity: Genetics, the environment, and
behavior
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Life Expectancy vs. Healthy Life
Expectancy
• 2007 data indicate average life expectancy
in the U.S. is 75.2 years for men and 80.4
years for women
• Healthy life expectancy is defined as the
years of illness subtracted from total life
expectancy
• The World Health Organization (WHO)
calculated in 2000 that the healthy life
expectancy of the U.S. was ranked 24th in
the world
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Healthy life expectancy for selected
countries
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Leading Health Problems in the United
States
• Leading causes of death are mostly
lifestyle related
• Seven of ten Americans die of preventable
chronic disease
• Leading causes of death are heart disease,
cancer, respiratory disease, and accidents
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Leading causes of death in the U.S. in
2003
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Underlying causes of death in the U.S.,
2000
• The “big three” causes
of death in the U.S.—
tobacco use, poor diet
and inactivity, and
alcohol abuse—are
responsible for about
632,000 deaths each
year
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Lifestyle as a Health Problem
• Over half of disease is lifestyle related
• A fifth is attributed to the environment
• One tenth is influenced by the health care
an individual receives
• Only 16% is related to genetic factors
• The individual controls as much as 84% of
vulnerability to disease and quality of life
• 83% of deaths before age 65 are
preventable
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Factors that affect health and wellbeing
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Physical Activity & Exercise
Defined
• Physical activity: Bodily movement
produced by skeletal muscles; requires
expenditure of energy and produces
progressive health benefits
• Exercise: A type of physical activity that
requires planned, structured, and
repetitive bodily movement with the intent
of improving or maintaining one or more
components of physical fitness
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An active lifestyle increases health,
quality of life, and longevity
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Importance of Increased Physical
Activity
• Poor health from lack of physical activity is a
serious public health problem
• Regular moderate physical activity provides many
benefits for most inactive people
• Benefits include:
– reducing risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes,
cancer, high blood pressure
– improving health of muscles, bones, joints
– improving mood
– improving daily tasks
– controlling health care costs
– maintaining high quality of life
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Prevalence of recommended physical
activity in the U.S., 2003
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Monitoring Daily Physical Activity
• A pedometer is a small
mechanical device that
senses vertical body
motion and counts foot
steps. Wearing a
pedometer daily allows you
to determine the total
steps you take.
Pedometers are used to monitor
daily physical activity; the
recommendation is a minimum
of 10,000 steps per day
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Wellness
• Wellness: The constant and deliberate
effort to stay healthy and achieve the
highest potential for well-being; it
integrates seven dimensions
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The Dimensions of Wellness
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The Seven Dimensions of Wellness
• Physical wellness: Good physical fitness and
confidence in one’s personal ability to take care
of health problems
• Emotional wellness: The ability to understand
one’s own feelings, accept limitations, and
achieve emotional stability
• Mental wellness: A state in which one’s mind is
engaged in lively interaction with the surrounding
world; also called intellectual wellness
• Social wellness: The ability to relate well to
others, both within and outside the family unit
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The Seven Dimensions of Wellness
• Environmental wellness: The capability to live
in a clean and safe environment that is not
detrimental to health
• Occupational wellness: The ability to perform
one’s job skillfully and effectively under
conditions that provide personal and team
satisfaction and adequately reward each
individual
• Spiritual wellness: The sense that life is
meaningful, that life has purpose, and that some
power brings all humanity together; the ethics,
values, and morals that guide one and give
meaning and direction to life
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Types of Physical Fitness
• Physical fitness: The ability to meet the
ordinary as well as the unusual demands
of daily life safely and effectively without
being overly fatigued and still have energy
left for leisure and recreational activities
• Health-related fitness: Fitness
programs that are prescribed to improve
the overall health of the individual;
encompasses cardiorespiratory endurance,
muscular strength and endurance,
muscular flexibility, and body composition
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Health-related components of physical
fitness
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Motor skill-related components of
physical fitness
• Skill-related fitness: Fitness components
important for success in skillful activities and
athletic events; encompasses agility, balance,
coordination, power, reaction time, and speed
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Components of physiologic fitness
• Physiological fitness: Term used in the medical
field to mean biological systems affected by
physical activity and the role of activity in
preventing disease
• Components are metabolic fitness, morphological
fitness, and bone integrity
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Fitness Standards: Health vs.
Physical Fitness
• Health fitness standard
– Minimum fitness values required for disease
prevention and health
– Attaining the health fitness standard requires
only moderate physical activity like a 2-mile
walk in less than 30 minutes 5-6 times per
week
– Benefits include reduced cholesterol and blood
pressure, weight loss, stress release, lower risk
for diabetes, disease, and early death
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Health & fitness benefits based on the type
of lifestyle and physical activity program
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Physical Fitness Standard
Individuals who wish to participate in vigorous fitness activities
should train to achieve the high physical fitness standard.
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Health Benefits
Relieves tension and stress
Raises energy levels and job productivity
Encourages positive lifestyle habits
Promotes psychological wellness
Helps maintain independent living
Extends longevity and slows down the
aging process
• Improves quality of life
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U.S. health care cost increments
since 1950
• Sedentary living
strongly impacts a
nation’s economy
• Health care costs in
the U.S. rose from
$12 billion in 1950 to
over $2 trillion in 2006
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Economic Benefits
• U.S. spends more on yearly health care per
person than any other industrialized nation
• Yet U.S. health care ranks 37th in the world
• One reason for low ranking is overemphasis on
state-of-the art cures instead of prevention
programs
• 95% health care dollars spent on treatment and
less than 5% spent on prevention
• More than 44 million residents do not have health
insurance
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Selected health objectives for the
year 2010
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