Transcript Hate Crime In Prison

Hate Crime In Prison
The role of prison life in the growth
of hate crime and hate groups
Prison Community Connection
 Prisoners are no longer isolated from the
community.
 Prisons and communities impact each other
 95% of prisoners will return to the
community
 The State controls the perimeter but not
behavior
History of Prison Gangs
 Naples Prison
– Mafia
 Russian Prison Gangs
– Russian Mafia
 American Prison Gangs
– Mexican Mafia
– Gangster Disciples
Arian Brotherhood
– Others
Gangs to Hate
 Hate motivated Behavior
– Hate crimes
– Hate Incidents (1st Amendment)
– Often violent
– Behavior that jeopardizes a person because of
their group affiliation
Group Affiliations
 Race
 Religion
 Creed
 National Origin
 Sex
 Sexual orientation
 Disability
Prison Hate Motivated Behavior
 Identifies other groups as hostile enemies
 Organizes inmates in functional racial
groups
 Establishes a code of conduct that requires
hate group support in the community.
 Uses the crimes of murder, assault and rape
are primary instruments of intimidation and
enforcement.
Hate Based Gangs
 Aryan Brotherhood
 Nazi Low Riders
 Nuestra Familia
 Black Guerilla Family
Hate Group Victims
 Racial identity
 Gays, Lesbians, trans sexual.
 Ethnic Groups based on location
 Disabled
Epidemiology of Hate
 Hate as an infectious disease
 Inmates are infected with Hate as they enter
the prison
 Their infection grows and matures
throughout their term of incarceration
 The disease matures and mutates as the
number of infected subjects grows
Public Health Model
 Research
 Documentation
 Development theoretical models
 Systematic implementation of interventions
 Feedback and Evaluation
Prison Power Model
Phase I - State Dominate
 New Institution
 Lock Down Status
 Maximum Security
 23/1 or 24 Hr
 Inmates Idle
 Staff does all the
work
Phase II - State over Inmates
 State Dominate
 Inmates are allowed to
move
 Work Assignments
 Program participation
 Inmates do the work
 Staff supervises
inmates
Phase III - Inmates over State
 Inmates Dominate
 Inmate numbers
 Compromise Staff
 Contraband
 Territory
 Sex
 Violence
 Organize
Hate Groups Impact on the
Community
 Develop into criminal enterprises
 Terrorize neighborhoods and communities
 Create wealth
 Develop Political Power
 Threaten the social and political order
Optimum Balance
 Staff retains control
 Inmates contribute to
the institution
 Free to conduct
positive activities
 Cost effective
 Safe and secure
Phase IV – Inmate Dominate
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Inmates take control
Violent incidents
Assaults on rivals
Take hostages
Kill the snitches
Secure the crazies
Develop demands
Negotiate w / authorities
State Assault restores
State power
Hate Groups Influence
 Fill the power vacuum
 Connections to the outside increase their
power base
 Do things the State can not or will not do
 Use terrorism tactics to intimidate the
prison and the community
The End
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References
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Office of Justice Programs, 2001, BJS Special Report,
Hate Crimes Reported in NIBRIS, 1977-99, U.S.
Department of Justice, Washington D.C.
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Victor Lofgreen Ph D
Walden University
Harlow, C.W., 2005, BJS Special Report, Hate Crimes
Reported by Victims and Police, Office of Justice
Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington D.C.
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Hamm, M.S., 2008, Prisoner Radicalization Assessing the
Threat in U.S. Correctional Institutions, NIJ Journal No
261, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice,
Washington D.C
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Office of Justice Programs, 2001, BJS Special Report,
Hate Crimes Reported in NIBRIS, 1977-99, U.S.
Department of Justice, Washington D.C.
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Rosenthal, M., 2004, Recommendations for Reform The
California Youth and Adult Correctional Agency: Racism,
Violence, Bigotry, and Gang / Intergroup Conflict,
California Performance Review Board, CA
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Lofgreen. V. 1994 "A Model of the Dynamic Power
Relationship Between Staff and Inmates in a Secure
Correctional Facility", in: Peak, Kenneth J., Justice
Administration: Managing Police, Courts, and
Corrections Organizations, Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, N.J.
Presented to:
Community College Criminal Justice Educators of Texas
Howard College
Big Spring, TX
May 20 2009