Transcript Small pox - OneDrive

Air born disease
Small pox
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It is acute viral infection highly
communicable.having severe sign
symptoms as compared to chicken pox.
Small pox
WHO declared on 8th may 1980 that
small pox has been eradicated globally
 No animal reservoir
 No carrier
 Life long immunity after recovery
 Highly effective vaccination
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causative organism
Variola virus
Incubation period
12 days
Small pox
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Variola virus
12 days
Severe
Rashes are centrifugal
Palms and soles involved
Axilla free
Predominant on extensor
surfaces
Deep seated
No area of inflammation
around the vesicles
Fever subsides after
appearance of rashes
chicken pox
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Varicella zooster
15 days
Mild
Centripetal
Not affected
Axilla involved
On flexor surfaces
Superficial
Inflammation around the
vesicle
Temp rise with each crop
Clinical manifestations
High fever
 Headache
 Myalgia
 Vomiting
 Skin eruption with rashes
 Firstly involved face and forearm
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Small pox
Air born disease
Influenza
It is acute viral highly communicable
disease caused by influenza virus of
myxovirus group..three types are
identified
 Type A
 Type B
 Type C
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influenza
Incubation period
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24 to 72 hours
mode of transmission
I.
II.
direct
indirect
Prevention and control
Isolation
 Disinfection
 Immunization
 Education
 Avoid unnecessary hospitalization
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Treatment
Symptomatic
 Antibiotics for pulmonary complications
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Air born disease
DIPHTHERIA
It is an acute infection characterised by
involvement of respiratory system
 Usually children 1-5 years of age
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Infectious agent
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Incubation period
2 to 5 days
Period of communicability
Usually 2 weeks
Clinical types
1.Tonsillar
2.Nasopharyngeal
3.Haemorrhagic
4.Laryngeal
5.Cutaneous
6.Ocular
7.vaginal
Tonsillar and pharyngeal
Sore throat
 Fever
 Malaise
 Membrane formation
 Difficulty in swallowing
 Enlaged cervical nodes
 Bull neck
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Bull neck
Laryngeal
Membrane formation
 Hoarsness
 Cough
 Resp obstruction
 Restlessness
 Cyanosis
 Death due to suffocation
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Nasal Diphtheria
Purulent discharge
 Foul odour
 White membrane on nasal membrane
 Curst around nose
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Haemorrhagic diphtheria
Petechial haemorrhage on skin
 On mucous membranes
 thrombocytopenia
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Diagnosis
Culture from throat swab
 Schick test
 Haemagglutination test
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complications
Myocarditis
 Neuritis
 Paralysis of cranial nerves vi and x
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Treament
Benzyl pencillin
 Erythromycin
 Diphtheria anti toxin
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Prevention and control
Notification
 Isolation
 Immunization
 Early detection
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Air born disease
pertussis
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It is acute bacterial infection of
respiratory tract infection involving
trachea,bronchi and bronchioles
Infectious agents
Bordetella pertussis
 Bordetella parapertussis
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Incubation period
7 to 21 days
Period of communicability
3 weeks
Clinical manifestations
Catarrhal stage
 Paroxysmal stage
 Convalescent stage
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Whooping cough
Catarrhal stage
1 to 2 weeks
 Common cold with cough
 Mild fever
 Lacrimation
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Paroxysmal stage
4-6 weeks
 Cough with
 Face redness
 Protruding tongue
 Bulging eyes
 Vomiting
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Convalescent stage
1-2 week
 Vomiting diminishes
 Cough less severe
 Recurrance of cough
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complications
Secondary bacterial infection
 Otitis media
 Subcutaneous emphysema
 Subconjuctival haemorrhage and
petechiae
 convulsions
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Treatment
Symptomatic
 Broad spectrum antibiotics
 Cough syrups
 Cough provoking factors avoided
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.prevention and control
Notification
 Isolation
 Disinfection
 vaccination:not over 2year children
 chemoprophylaxis
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Air born disease
Tuberculosis
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It is infectious disease caused by
myobacterium.primarily affecting lungs
but can also affect intestine,joints,lymph
nodes skin and other tissues of body
Infectious agent
Myobacterium tuberculosis
Incubation period
3 to 6 weeks
Period of communicability
As long as patient is untreated
Source of infection
Sputum or excreta of patient
 Milk of cow
 Laboratories
 Operation theatres
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Factors responsible for T.B
Poor housing
 Poor quality of life
 Over crowding
 Malnutrition
 Lack of education
 Low socio-economic status
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Diagnosis
Sputum should be positive for acid fast
bacilli
 Pyrexia of unknown origin more than 3
week with persistent cough
 tuberculin test
i.Heaf test
ii.Montoux test
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Treatment
i.Initial phase of two months
 Tab.INH
 tab rifampin
 Tab pyrazinamide
 Tab ethambutol
ii.Contious phase of 4 to 7 months
 Tab INH
 Tab rifampin
DOT ALL OVER
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The target set by WHO achieving low
incidence of 5 cases per 100,000 by the
year 2000 through DOTS all over
approach
Elements of DOTS
Govt commitment of T.B control and
providing funds
 Prompt diagnosis of infectious cases
 A standardizes short course of anti T.B
treatment
 A regular un-interrupted supply of quality
of anti T.B drugs
 Proper record keeping
 research
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THANKU