Transcript RAD 113 Review

RAD 113 Practice Test
Specialized Imaging Procedures
This is a sampling of questions which
should assist you in studying.
• In the eight step verification process a “Time
Out” includes what verbal steps?
– Correct patient
– Correct procedure
– Correct procedure site
• What aspects of the procedure are necessary
for an informed consent to be legal?
– Complete explanation of procedure
– Potential risks and complications
– Suggested alternatives
– Benefits of procedure
• Name the 5 parts of the brain
– Cerebrum – largest and divided by lobes
– Cerebellum – posterior and inferior part
– Midbrain – stem like and connects cerebrum to pons
– Pons- motor control and sensory
– Medulla – upper portion of spinal cord- relays nerves
• Name the divisions of the midbrain
– Diencephalon
– Thalamus
• Located within the brain are four fluid filled
cavities. Name them:
• 2 Lateral ventricles
• Third ventricle
• Fourth ventricle – directly posterior to pons
• Where is the foramen of Munro is located?
– Between the lateral ventricles and the third
ventricle
• Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?
– Between the third ventricle and the fourth
ventricle
• Name the three layers of the meninges
– Dura mater
– Arachnoid
– Pia mater
• What space divides the dura and arachnoid
layers?
• Subdural space
• What space divides the cranium and the dura
mater?
• Epidural space
• Describe the structure of a fibrocartilage disc?
• Nucleus pulposus – inner gelatinous
• Annulus fibrosus – outer fibrous
• List six indications for myelography
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Spondylosis – arthritic changes
Spondylolisthesis – forward slippage of vertebra
Herniated disc – weakened disc with protrusion
Tumors – spinal cord
Trauma – any injury
Degenerative disc disease – common aging
process
• Discuss the difference between radiculitis and
radiculopathy?
• Radiculitis is inflammation of spinal nerves
• Radiculopathy is disease of the nerve root
causing decreased function (pain, weakness,
etc)
• Give several characteristics of a spinal
(lumbar) puncture procedure with fluoro.
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Patient prone with bolus under abdomen
Sterile technique and prep
Spinal needle placed under fluoro
L3-4 disc interspace is used
May have labs ordered to collect CSF or
myelogram performed.
• What procedure surgically removes small
segments of a disc to relieve nerve
compression?
• Microdiscectomy
• Name four common blood thinners or
anticoagulants.
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Coumadin
Plavix
Aspirin
Heparin
• Describe how contrast is distributed to all
levels of the spinal canal.
– It flows within the subarachnoid space following
injection
– The table is angled and gravity causes it to flow
toward thoracic and cervical levels
– The head and neck are hyperextended to prevent
flow into ventricles
• What causes headache, dizziness and nausea
following a myelogram?
• CSF leakage
• Describe the post procedure instructions for a
myelogram
– Head elevated 30-45 degrees for 12 hours
– Head flat for 12 more hours
– Bed rest for 48 hours
– No heavy lifting or bending
– Increase fluids
• Which non-invasive imaging modality provides
excellent images of soft tissue?
– MRI
• Which is best for bony structures (canal
stenosis)?
– CT
Arthrograms
• List five types of injections used for
arthrography?
• Isovue
• Air
• Gadolidium - MRI
• Anesthetic (pain)
• Steroid (anti inflammatory)
• Define the following:
– Meniscus
– Tendon
– Ligament
– Synovial capsule
• Name the four rotator cuff muscles of the
shoulder.
– Teres minor
– Subscapularis
– Supraspinatus
– Infraspinatus
• List indications for performing arthrography
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Pain
Swelling
Torn ligaments, tendons, meniscus
Weakness
• Which of the following is NOT a
contraindication for performing arthrography?
• Pain
• Infection
• Allergy to contrast
• Taking blood thinners
• Pregnant
• What are common radiographic findings in the
knee?
– Torn meniscus, torn ACL or PCL
• Hip?
– Hip prosthesis dislocation, infection
• Shoulder?
– Torn rotator cuff
Sialogram
• Name each of the salivary ducts and the
adjacent gland.
– Stenson’s
– Wharton’s
– Duct of Rivinus
• What is a lemon used for in sialography?
– Sialogogue – secretory stimulant
• What images are performed?
– PA and axiolateral oblique mandible images
Hysterosalpingogram
• Give the definition
• List contraindications for performing
• Name seven indications for performing a
hysterosalpingogram
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Infertility
Check Essure contraceptive
Habitual abortions
Abnormal bleeding
Absence of menses
Blockage of uterine tubes
Locate polyps, tumors or fistulas
• What is the safety rule for performing
hysterosalpingography?
– Must be performed within 10 days of onset of
menstruation (day 5-10)
• What is another name for long bone
measurement?
– Orthoroentgenogram
• Where is the ruler placed for the exam?
– Between the lower limbs