Transcript Heart disease.pps

PART - I
HEART DISEASE
AND
HEART ATTACK!!!
Source : http://www.webmd.com
(Note :All the images and text copied from the above website with no change whatsoever)
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10th November,2010.
Source: http://www.webmd.com
Source: http://www.webmd.com
Arteriogram of healthy heart
1.What Is Heart Disease?
Bring up heart disease, and most people think of a heart attack.
But there are many conditions that can undermine the heart's
ability to do its job. These include coronary artery disease,
cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Keep reading to
find out what these disorders do to the body and how
to recognize the warning signs.
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ILLUSTRATION OF HEART ATTACK
2.What Is a Heart Attack?
Every year more than 1 million Americans have a heart attack – a
sudden interruption in the heart’s blood supply. This happens when
there is a blockage in the coronary arteries, the vessels that carry
blood to the heart muscle. When blood flow is blocked, heart muscle
can be damaged very quickly and die. Prompt emergency treatments
have reduced the number of deaths from heart attack in recent years.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Man holding heart
3.Heart Attack Symptoms
A heart attack is an emergency even when symptoms are mild. Warning
signs include :-
=Pain or pressure in the chest.
=Discomfort spreading to the back, jaw, throat, or arm.
=Nausea, indigestion, or heartburn.
=Weakness, anxiety, or shortness of breath.
=Rapid or irregular heartbeats
Source : http://www.webmd.com
Woman jogging on path
4.Heart Attack Symptoms in Women
Women don't always feel chest pain with a heart attack. Women are
more likely than men to have heartburn, loss of appetite, tiredness or
weakness, coughing, and heart flutters. These symptoms should not
be ignored. The longer you postpone treatment, the more damage the
heart may sustain.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Myocardial infarction
5.Signs of Coronary Artery Disease
A precursor to a heart attack, coronary artery disease or CAD occurs
when sticky plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. This narrows
the arteries, making it more difficult for blood to flow through. Many
people don't know they have CAD until a heart attack strikes. But there
are warning signs, such as recurring chest pain caused by the
restricted blood flow. This pain is known as angina.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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ILLUSTRATION OF PLAQUE BUILD UP IN ARTERY
6.Inside a Heart Attack
The plaque deposited in your arteries is hard on the outside and soft
and mushy on the inside. Sometimes the hard outer shell cracks. When
this happens, a blood clot forms around the plaque. If the clot
completely blocks the artery, it cuts off the blood supply to
a portion of the heart. Without immediate treatment, that part of the
heart muscle could be damaged or destroyed.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Ambulance
7.Don't Wait to Be Sure
The best time to treat a heart attack is as soon as symptoms
begin. Waiting to be sure can result in permanent heart damage or
even death. If you think you may be having a heart attack, call 911.
And don't try driving yourself to the hospital. When you call 911,
the EMS staff can start emergency care as soon as they reach
you. (“911” is for USA. Residents other than USA to follow their local
procedure, in order reach the Hospital in barest minimum time.)
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Defibrillator
8.Sudden Cardiac Death
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for half of all heart
disease deaths in the U.S., but it's not the same as a heart
attack. SCD occurs when the heart's electrical system goes
haywire, causing it to beat irregularly and dangerously fast. The
heart's pumping chambers may quiver instead of pumping
blood out to the body. Without CPR and restoration of a regular
heart rhythm, death can occur in minutes.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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ILLUSTRATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
9.Arrhythmia: Erratic Heart Beat
Regular electrical impulses cause your heart to beat. But
sometimes those impulses become erratic. The heart may
race, slow down, or quiver. Arrhythmias are often harmless
variations in rhythm that pass quickly. But some types make
your heart less effective at pumping blood, and that can take a
serious toll on the body. Let your doctor know if you've
noticed your heart beating abnormally.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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ILLUSTRATION OF CARDIOMYOPATHY
10.Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a disease involving changes in the heart
muscle. These changes may interfere with the heart’s ability to
pump effectively, which can lead to a chronic condition called
heart failure. Cardiomyopathy is sometimes associated with
other chronic conditions, such as high blood pressure or heart
valve disease.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Ultra sound of ventricular hypertrophy
11.Heart Failure
Heart failure doesn't mean your heart stops working. It means the
heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Over
time, the heart gets bigger to hold more blood, it pumps faster to
increase the amount of blood moving out of it, and the blood
vessels narrow. The heart muscle may also weaken, reducing the
blood supply even more. Most cases of heart failure are the result
of coronary artery disease and heart attacks.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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New born baby in incubator
12.Congenital Heart Defect
A congenital heart defect is one that's present at birth. The problem
could be a leaky heart valve, malformations in the walls that separate
the heart chambers, or other heart problems. Some defects are not
found until a person becomes an adult. Some need no treatment.
Others require medicine or surgery. People with congenital heart
defects may have a higher risk of developing complications such as
arrhythmias, heart failure, and heart valve.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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EKG Electrode
13.Testing: Electrocardiogram (EKG)
An EKG (also ECG) is a painless test that uses electrodes
placed on the skin to record the heart's electrical activity. The
test provides information about your heart rhythm and
damage to the heart muscle. An EKG can help your doctor
diagnose a heart attack and evaluate abnormalities such as an
enlarged heart. The results can be compared to future EKGs
to track changes in the condition of your heart.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Heart stress test
14. Stress Test
The stress test measures how your heart responds to exertion. If you
have an exercise stress test, you'll either walk on a treadmill or ride a
stationary bike while the level of difficulty increases. At the same
time, your EKG, heart rate, and blood pressure will be monitored as
your heart works harder. Doctors use a stress test to evaluate
whether there is an adequate supply of blood to the heart muscle.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Portable Heart Monitor
15.Testing: Holter Monitor
A Holter monitor is a portable heart rhythm recorder. If your
doctor suspects a heart rhythm problem, she may ask you to
wear one for 1 or 2 days. It records the heart's continuous
electrical activity day and night, compared with an EKG, which is
a snapshot in time. The doctor will probably also ask you to keep
a log of your activities and to note any symptoms and when they
occur.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Xray of enlarged heart
16.Testing: Chest X-ray
A chest X-ray is a picture of your heart, lungs, and chest
bones that's made by using a very small amount radiation.
Chest X-rays can be used to look for heart and lung
abnormalities. In this image, the bulge seen on the right
side is an enlarged left ventricle, the heart's main
pumping chamber.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Man having echocardiogram
17.Testing: Echocardiogram
An echocardiogram uses sound waves (ultrasound) to generate
moving images of the heart. The test can assess the chambers
and valves of your heart and how well your heart muscle and
heart valves are working. It's useful in diagnosing and evaluating
several types of heart disease, as well as evaluating the
effectiveness of treatments.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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CT scan of heart
18.Testing: Cardiac CT
Cardiac computerized tomography (known as cardiac CT) takes
detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels. A computer
stacks the images to create a 3-D picture of heart. A cardiac CT
can be used to look for plaque or calcium buildup in the coronary
arteries, heart valve problems, and other types of heart disease.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Cardiac catheterization
19.Testing: Cardiac Catheterization
Cardiac catheterization helps diagnose and treat some heart
conditions. The doctor guides a narrow tube, called a catheter,
through a blood vessel in your arm or leg until it reaches the
coronary arteries. Dye is injected into each coronary artery,
making them easy to see with an X-ray. This reveals the extent and
severity of any blockages. Treatments such as angioplasty or
stenting can be done during this procedure.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Swollen ankle
20. Living With Heart Disease
Most forms of heart disease are chronic. In the beginning, symptoms
may be too mild to affect everyday life. And in many cases, long-term
treatment can keep symptoms under control. But if the heart begins to
fail, patients may develop shortness of breath, fatigue, or swelling in
ankles, feet, legs, and abdomen. Heart failure can be managed with
medication, lifestyle changes, surgery, and in certain cases, a heart
transplant.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Pill organize
21.Treatment: Medicines
Medications play a huge role in treating heart disease. Some
drugs help lower blood pressure, heart rate, and cholesterol
levels. Others can keep abnormal heart rhythms under control or
prevent clotting. For patients who already have some heart
damage, there are medications to improve the pumping ability of
an injured heart.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Angioplasty
22.Treatment: Angioplasty
Angioplasty is used to open a blocked heart artery and improve blood flow to
the heart. The doctor inserts a thin catheter with a balloon on the end into the
artery. When the balloon reaches the blockage, it is expanded, opening up
the artery and improving blood flow. The doctor may also insert a small mesh
tube, called a stent, to help keep the artery open after angioplasty.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Heart surgery
23.Treatment: Bypass Surgery
Bypass surgery is another way to improve the heart's blood flow. It
gives blood a new pathway when the coronary arteries have become
too narrow or blocked. During the surgery, a blood vessel is first
moved from one area of the body -- such as the chest, legs, or arms -and attached to the blocked artery, allowing it to bypass the blocked
part.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Over-weight couple on beach
24.Who's at Risk for Heart Disease?
Men have a higher risk of having a heart attack than women, and at
an earlier age. But it's important to note that heart disease is the No.
1 killer of women, too. People with a family history of heart ailments
also have a higher risk of heart trouble.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Healthy mature man
25.Risk Factors You Can Control
High cholesterol and high blood pressure are major risk factors for
heart disease. Being overweight, obese, or physically inactive all
increase your risk. So does diabetes, especially if your glucose
levels are not well controlled. Discuss your risks with your doctor
and develop a strategy for managing them. There are many steps
you can take to protect your heart.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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Cigarette ash
26. Smoking and Your Heart
If you smoke, your risk of heart disease is 2 to 4 times greater than a
nonsmoker's. And if you smoke around loved ones, you're increasing
their risk with secondhand smoke. Each year in the U.S., more than
135,000 people die from smoking-related heart disease. But it's never
too late to quit. Within 24 hours of quitting, your heart attack risk begins
to fall.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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SENIOR LIFTING WEIGHT
27.Life After a Heart Attack
It is possible to regain your health after a heart attack. By avoiding
cigarettes, becoming more active, and watching what you eat, you can
give your heart and overall health a big boost. One of the best ways to
learn how to make these changes is to take part in a cardiac rehab
program. Ask your doctor for recommendations.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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WALKING ON TREADMILL
28.Heart Disease Prevention
The key to preventing heart disease is a healthy lifestyle. This includes a
nutritious diet, at least 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week, not
smoking, and controlling high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes. If
you drink alcohol, do so in moderation – no more than one drink a day for
women, two drinks a day for men. Ask your friends and family for help in
making these changes. They'll benefit, too.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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HEALTHY FISH DISH
29.Diet and Your Heart
What you eat makes a difference. Be sure you get plenty of whole grains,
vegetables, legumes, and fruits to help keep your heart healthy. Plant oils,
walnuts, other nuts, and seeds can also help improve cholesterol levels.
And don't forget to eat fish at least a couple of times each week for a good
source of heart-healthy protein.
THE END OF PART I
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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PART-II
1.What Is Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that occurs naturally in all parts of the
body and is made by the liver. Cholesterol is also present in foods we eat.
People need cholesterol for the body to function normally. Cholesterol is
present in the cell walls or membranes everywhere in the body, including the
brain, nerves, muscles, skin, liver, intestines, and heart.
2) Why Should I Be Concerned About Cholesterol?
Too much cholesterol in your body means that you have an increased risk of
getting cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease. If you have too much
cholesterol in your body, the cholesterol can build up on the walls of the
arteries that carry blood to your heart. This buildup, which occurs over time,
causes less blood and oxygen to get to your heart. This can cause chest pain
and heart attacks.
3) What's the Difference Between "Good" and "Bad" Cholesterol?
HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol is known as good cholesterol. HDL
takes the bad cholesterol out of your blood and keeps it from building up in
your arteries. LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol is known as bad
cholesterol because it can build up on the walls of your arteries and increase
your chances of getting cardiovascular disease. When being tested for high
cholesterol, you want a high HDL number and a low LDL number.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
4) How Much Cholesterol Is Too Much?
Doctors recommend your cholesterol stay
below 200. Here is the breakdown:
Total
Cholesterol
Category
Less than
200
Desirable
200 - 239
Borderline
High
240 and
above
High
Source : http://www.webmd.com
LDL
Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
Category
Less than
100
Optimal
100 - 129
Near optimal/above
optimal
130 - 159
Borderline high
160 - 189
High
190 and
above
Very high
HDL (good) cholesterol protects against heart disease, so for HDL, higher
numbers are better. A level less than 40 is low and is considered a major
risk factor because it increases your risk for developing heart disease. HDL
levels of 60 or more help to lower your risk for heart disease.
Triglyceride levels that are borderline high (150-199) or high (200 or more)
may require treatment in some people.
5) Can I Lower My Risk for Heart Disease If I Lower My Cholesterol?
Your risk for heart disease is lower when you have low total cholesterol and
low LDL. Remember, a higher HDL number is better, however.
6) What Makes My Cholesterol Levels Go Up?
Eating foods such as meats, whole milk dairy products, egg yolks, and
some kinds of fish can make your cholesterol levels go up. Being
overweight can make your bad cholesterol go up and your good cholesterol
go down. Also, after women go through menopause, their bad cholesterol
levels tend to go up.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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7) What Can I Do To Lower My Cholesterol Levels?
You can lower your cholesterol levels by making changes to your
lifestyle. Here are some tips.
*Eat foods with less fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.
*Take off the skin and fat from meat, poultry, and fish.
*Broil, bake, roast, or poach instead of frying foods.
*Eat lots of fruits and vegetables everyday.
*Eat lots of cereals, breads, rice, and pasta made from whole
grains, such as whole wheat bread or spaghetti.
*Get lots of exercise everyday. Talk to your doctor about what
are the safest and best ways for you to exercise.
*Lose weight if you are overweight.
*Stop smoking.
*Take your high blood cholesterol medication as prescribed by
your doctor.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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8.What drugs are used to treat high cholesterol?
Cholesterol lowering drugs include:
a) Statins
c)Bile-acid resins
b) Niacin
d)Fibric acid deriavatives
Cholesterol-lowering drug is most effective when combined with
a low-cholesterol diet.
9) If a Product's Package Reads "Low Cholesterol," Does That
Mean It's Low in Fat?
Not necessarily. Numerous foods marked "low cholesterol" can
contain oils that may be high in saturated fats, which are not
considered healthy. In addition, unsaturated fats like vegetable oil
also can be high in calories. The total amount of fat in your diet
should be kept to about 20% to 30% of your daily intake.
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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10) At What Age Should People Begin Having Their Cholesterol
Checked?
It is important to have your cholesterol level checked when you are young,
since clogging of the arteries (atherosclerosis) is a gradual process that
takes many years. Total cholesterol should be measured at least every five
years starting at age 20.
Note: If you have high cholesterol and your doctor has told you there may be
an underlying genetic cause, you may want to have your children, under age
20, get their cholesterol levels tested. Talk to your children's health care
providers about cholesterol testing.
THE END
Source : http://www.webmd.com
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