Transcript Circulatory System ppt

Circulatory and
Respiratory
System
Honors Biology
Powerpoint #4
Unit 8 – Chapter 37
Circulatory System
Cute circulatory video
Pantology of Cantrell
Circulatory System
• Structures:
o Heart, Blood vessels, blood
• Functions:
o Brings oxygen, nutrients and hormones
to cells
o Fights infection
o Regulates body temperature.
Heart
• Made of cardiac
muscle
• Beats on average 6585 beats per minute
• Pumps to circulate
blood throughout the
body
Take your heart Rate
Blood Vessels:
•
•
•
Carry blood to cells
Lined with smooth muscle tissue
Three kinds:
1. Arteries
2. Capillaries
3. Veins
Fun Fact
• If all arteries, veins, and capillaries of the human
circulatory system were laid end to end, the total
length would be 60,000 miles. That's nearly 2 ½
times around the Earth!
• Your body has about 5.6 liters and circulates
through the body 3 times/min. In one day, the
blood travels a total of 12,000 miles- that's four
times the distance across the U.S. from coast to
coast.
Arteries (carries blood away
from heart)
• Carry oxygenated blood from the heart
to the rest of the body.
• Thick, elastic walls
Capillaries
• Branch off of the Arteries
• The smallest of the blood vessels
o some have diameters as small as 1 red blood cell
• Takes blood to cells where nutrients/gases
diffuse
Veins
• Takes deoxygenated blood from the
capillaries back to the heart
Comparing arteries and veins
Veins
• Have valves to prevent backflow because not
receiving pressure from heart
• Muscles help pump blood back to heart
through the veins
Current Articles
• http://www.livescience.com/44882-earreattachment-leeches.html
Varicose veins
Treatment for
varicose/spider veins
• Sclerotherapy.
doctor injects the veins
with a solution that
scars and closes those
veins, causing the
blood to reroute
through healthier veins.
• Vein ligation/vein
striping
• Laser surgery. Laser
surgery works by sending
strong bursts of light into
the vein that make the
vein slowly fade and
disappear. No incisions
or needles are used. The
treatment is often less
effective than
sclerotherapy.
Blood
• The human
body has 4-6
liters of blood
• Blood:
o 45% of blood is
Cells
o 55% of blood is
plasma
Blood Cells: 3 kinds
• Red Blood Cells: transports oxygen,
contain hemoglobin (gives them
color)
• White Blood Cells (leukocytes):
attack foreign substances or
organisms.
• Platelets: stick to broken blood
vessels to stop bleeding when you
are cut
Plasma
• 90% water
• 10% other materials:
o Dissolved gases
o Salts
o Nutrients
o Enzymes
o Hormones
o Waste products
Upper body
Blood
Flow in
the Heart
Cool Facts about the circulatory system
The Heart
• The human heart has four chambers
oLeft and right ventricle
oLeft and right atrium
• The left side of the heart pumps
oxygenated blood to the body
• The right side of the heart pumps
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Valves
Intraventricular Septum
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
1) The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood
from the body through the superior and inferior
vena cava.
2) The right atrium pumps blood through
the tricuspid (AV) valve and into the right
ventricle
3) Right Ventricle Contracts and pushes blood
through pulmonary valve towards lungs
4) Blood is pushed through the pulmonary
arteries to the lungs to receive oxygen
5) Oxygenated blood returns to the left
atrium from the lungs through the
pulmonary veins
6) Blood passes through the bicuspid
(mitral) valve into the left ventricle.
7) Contraction of Left ventricle pumps
blood through aortic valve to the aorta
8)Blood travels through aorta and then to all regions of
the body where it feeds cells with oxygen picked up
from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract.
Semilunar (pulmonary &
Aortic) Valves
Atrioventricular valves
Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure is a measure of the
force exerted by the blood on the
wall of the arteries.
o An example is 120/80 (systolic
pressure/diastolic pressure.
• Systolic pressure is the result of the
contraction of the ventricles (normal
110-140)
• Diastolic pressure is during the ventricle
relaxation (normal 70-90)
Disorders of the Circulatory System:
Coronary artery disease –
Atherosclerosis
• Plaque buildup
blocks arteries,
reducing, or even
stopping blood
flow
• Plaques can break
off, causing heart
attack or stroke
Cause: Damaged arteries are ‘invaded’ by
bad LDL cholesterol. White blood cells try to
digest the LDL. Ultimately, a jumble of
cholesterol and cells is accumulated.
Risk Factors: Smoking, high blood pressure,
high LDL cholesterol, diabetes
Treatments
• Lifestyle changes: Follow healthy diet, maintain
healthy weight, exercise, quit smoking, manage
stress
• Medicine: lowers cholesterol, helps prevent
platelets from sticking and clotting (aspirin),
helps harden plaque so lowers chance of
breaking off
• Surgeries:
o Angioplasty (Coronary Stent)
o Coronary artery bypass
o Carotoid endartectomy
Disorders of the Circulatory System
• Heart Attack– Myocardial Infarction (MI)
= Death of cardiac muscle cells
Cause: Plaque dislodges, blocking an artery to
the heart muscle. Cardiac muscle cells are
starved for oxygen and die. After, scar tissue
forms where cells died, reducing function of
heart. Severity of a heart attack depends on size
and area supplied by the artery.
Risk Factors: Smoking, high blood pressure, high
LDL cholesterol, diabetes
Bypass surgery
Disorders of the Circulatory System
• Stroke=Death of cells in the brain.
Cause: A blood vessel in the brain is blocked
(by dislodged plaque, or bursts, starving the
cells of oxygen)
A stroke can have many different symptoms,
including: numbness, vision changes, speech
changes, or confusion.
Risk Factors: Smoking, high blood pressure, high
LDL cholesterol, diabetes
Disorders of the Circulatory System
• Arrhythmia= Irregular / skipped heart beat
Cause: The heart uses electrical signals created
in the SA node in the right atria, to begin a
heartbeat. The conduction of these signals, or
irregular firing of the SA node, can cause
arrhythmias. Atrial arrhythmias are less
dangerous than ventricular arrhythmias.
Risk Factors: Generally random, but factors are
stimulants (such as caffeine), fevers, stress, or
genetic disorders.
AFIB Oblation
Heart Murmurs
• Aortic Valve Replacement
Disorders of the Circulatory System
• High blood pressure - Hypertension
Diastolic pressure over 90
Why it is dangerous: Excessive pressure can
cause the arteries to thicken, and blood vessels
to weaken and rupture. This can lead to heart
failure, stroke, kidney failure, loss of sight when
vessels in eyes burst.
Risk Factors: Genetics, overweight, limited
physical activity, smoking, alcohol
consumption, certain medications
Virtual Cardiology Lab