Transcript Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System
(heart)(blood vessels)
Structures and functions.
Functions
• Transports blood to the heart and lungs,
back to the heart and all other body parts.
• Transports nutrients, oxygen, and
hormones.
• Removes waste
• Provides immunity through antibodies
• Maintains body temp and electrolyte
balance. (sodium ,potassium ,calcium )
The Heart
• The heart has four chambers
• Atria – the top two pumping chambers of
the heart
• Ventricles- the bottom two pumping
chambers of the heart.
• It is an automatic muscle (cardiac). Its
beats 60-100 bpm’s per minute.
• Located within the mediastinum.
Heart valves
• Tricuspid valve- controls the opening between
the right atrium and the right ventricle.
• Pulmonary semi lunar valve- between the right
ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
• Mitral- also know as the bicuspid or MV. It is
located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
• Aortic valve- between the left ventricle and the
aorta.
• Heart valves control the direction of blood flow
Structures of the heart
• Sinoatrial (Sanode)- Found in the right
atrium. Is the natural pacemaker of the
heart. The SA node establishes the basic
rhythm of the heartbeat. The impulses
start each wave of the muscle contraction
of the heart. This contraction forces blood
into the ventricles.
• Pacemaker of the
heart
Septum
• Divides the heart into right and left halves.
The 3 layers of the heart
• Epicardium-m the external layer of the
heart and is part of the inner layer of the
pericardial sac.
• Myocardium- the middle and thickest of
the three layers, consists of the cardiac
muscle. Contracts to pump blood.
• Endocardium- the lining of the heart, forms
the inner surface that comes in direct
contact with blood being pumped through
the heart.
Pericardial sac
• The pericardial sac surrounds the heart. It
contains pericardial fluid that prevents
friction when the heart beats
Blood vessels
• Arteries- carries oxygenated blood to the body.
The Aorta is the largest artery. They have three
muscular layers. These layers strengthen the
artery, allowing them to receive blood being
pumped from the heart. Pulses can ONLY BE
FELT in an artery.
• Pulse: rhythmic expansion and contraction of an
artery produced by the pressure of blood moving
though an artery.
Blood vessels
• Veins: these vessels carry blood back to
the heart. They carry deoxygenated blood.
• Capillaries: these are the smallest (
microscopic) blood vessels. They are only
one cell in thickness. They connect the
arteries and the veins. Oxygen exchange
occurs in these vessels.
Pulse sites
• Radial- most commonly used. Found in
the wrist.
• Carotid- found in the neck.
• Brachial- right above the crease in the
elbow.
• Temporal- sides of the head
• Pedal- top of foot
• Popliteal- behind the knee
• Apical – located at the apex of the heart.
Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure: measurement of the
amount of pressure exerted againsr t the
walls of the vessels.
• Systolic pressure: occurs when the
ventricles contract. It is the highest
pressure against the walls of blood
vessels. 120/80
Blood Pressure
• Diastolic pressure: occurs when the
ventricles are relaxed. It is the lowest
pressure against the walls of a blood
vessel. 120/80
Key word parts
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Angi/o
Aort/o
Arteri/o
Ather/o
-graphy
Cardi/o
Coron/o
Ven/o
phleb/o
tachythromb/o
KEY MEDICAL TERMS
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AneurysmAtherectomyArteriosclerosisAngiitis
AngiographyCardiomegaly-
KEY MEDICAL TERMS
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AngiospasmAngiostenosisMyocardial infarctionHypertensionAuscultationCardiac arrest-
KEY MEDICAL TERMS
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Endocarditis
CoronaryBradycardiaTachycardiaPalpitationsValvulitisPhlebitis-