Transcript Blood

Chapter 16
Cardiovascular & Respiratory
Systems
Functions of the
cardiovascular system
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Composed of the _______ & all blood
vessels of the body
Function is to _________ blood,
thereby maintaining an internal
environment in which all the cells of
your body are nourished
Functions of the
cardiovascular system
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The heart pumps blood
Blood carries ___________ cells
throughout your body to deliver
______
At the same time carbon dioxide along
with __________ is carried away from
your body via blood cells
Functions of the
cardiovascular system
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________ is delivered to your lungs
and waste products are sent to the
___________ to be removed from the
body
Structures of the
cardiovascular system
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The __________ and the ________ are
perhaps the most important organs in your
body
The heart is made of the ___________
which is what makes it pump
Your heart rate increases or decreases
__________________ based on your
physical activity
Chambers of the heart
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Your heart has ____ chambers
Right ________
Left _________
_______ Ventricle
_______ Ventricle
A wall of tissue separates the right &
left atria called the __________ along
with the right & left ventricles
Chambers of the heart
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The right __________ works as the
natural __________ for the rest of the
heart
Small electrical __________ force the
atrium to contract therefore allowing
blood to be pumped into the ventricles
Blood is then pumped out of the heart
Chambers of the heart
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When blood is flowing it can only flow
_________________
Once blood is pumped the valves close
not allowing blood to pump back
The sound that you hear when your
heart is beating is the sound of the
__________ closing
Circulation of the heart
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Blood that has been ___________ but
has carbon dioxide & waste is pumped
back to the heart by 2 large blood
vessels called the ______________
_________________ blood enters the
right atrium & is transferred to the
right ventricle
Circulation of the heart
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Blood is then pumped to the _______
Inside the lungs the blood drops the
carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen
Newly _________________ blood is
then returned to the lungs to the left
atrium of the heart
Circulation of the heart
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The blood is then pumped from the
left atrium into the ______ ventricle
Blood is then pumped out of the heart
& into the rest of the body by way of
the large artery called the ________
Blood
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Blood delivers oxygen, hormones, &
nutrients to the cells & carries away
waste that the cells produce
_______of your blood consists of
______ the fluid in which other parts
of the blood are suspended
Blood
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Red blood cells make up about ____%
of blood
White blood cells & platelets together
make up the remaining 5% of blood
1 ___________ of blood contains
millions of each of these types of cells
Red blood cells & White
blood cells
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_________ blood cells – transport
oxygen to cells & parts of the body
Formed in bone marrow, they contain
_______________ the oxygencarrying protein in blood
Red blood cells also carry
_________away from cells back to the
lungs
Red blood cells & White
blood cells
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__________ blood cells are made to
protect our bodies against infection &
fight off infection when it occurs
White blood cells are also produced in
_______________________
Production of white blood cells
_____________ when an infection is
present
Blood vessels
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You have more then _________ miles
of blood vessels that transport blood
There are 3 main types of blood
vessels
__________
__________
__________
Arteries
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They are blood vessels that carry
blood ________ from the heart
They have thick elastic walls and
contain smooth muscle fibers
________________ arteries carry
_________________ blood from the
right ventricles to the lungs
Arteries
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_______ arteries, such as the ______,
carry oxygenated blood from the left
ventricle to all areas of the body
As arteries move away from the heart,
they branch into progressively smaller
vessels called _____________
Arterioles deliver blood to __________
Capillaries
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Capillaries are small vessels that carry
blood between _____________ and
small vessels called ____________
Capillaries form an
_________________throughout
tissues and organs in the body,
reaching almost every body cell
Veins
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Veins are blood vessels that ________
blood to the heart
Vein walls are thinner and less elastic
than those of arteries, veins are still
able to withstand the pressure exerted
by blood as it flows though them
Platelets
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Platelets are cells that __________ the
body’s loss of blood
Platelets produce small thread-like
fibers called _________
Lymphatic System
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This system also helps to fight infection &
plays an important role to the bodies
immunity to disease
___________ is the clear fluid that fills the
spaces around body cells
_______________ are specialized white
blood cells that provide the body with
immunity & protect the body against
antibodies
B Cells
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B cells are ______________ that are
stimulated to multiply when they are
come in contact with a pathogen
Some B cells produce ________ cells,
which produce ___________ that
attack the pathogen, other produce
memory cells
T Cells
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T cells are ___________ that are
stimulated to enlarge & multiply when
they encounter a pathogen.
There are ____ main types
_______ cells which stop the spread
of disease
_______ cells aid in the activation of B
cells & killer T cells
Structure of the
Lymphatic System
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It consists of a network of vessels &
tissues that are involved in the
movement & filtering of lymph
Care & Problems of the
Cardiovascular System
Lesson 2
Health behaviors associated
with good cardiovascular
care
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Follow a well balance diet that is low
in saturated fats, cholesterol & salt
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce
stress on the heart, blood vessels, and
lymph vessels
Participate in regular aerobic exercise
for at least _____ minutes _____
times a week
Health behaviors associated
with good cardiovascular
care
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Avoid the use of tobacco products &
exposure to secondhand tobacco
smoke
Avoid _______ drugs, including
stimulants, marijuana, & ecstasy
Blood Pressure
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Blood pressure is the measure of the
amount of _______ that the blood
places on the walls of the blood
vessels
Blood Pressure
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As your heart contracts to push blood
into your arteries, the maximum
pressure, called __________ pressure
is measured
As the ventricles relax to refill, blood
pressure is at its lowest point, called
the __________
Cardiovascular System
Problems
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______________ heart disease – a
condition that is present at birth
Cardiovascular disease is actually a
group of the cardiovascular systems
that include _________, ______
disease, & __________
Cardiovascular System
Problems
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Heart ________________ are
abnormal sounds that are made as
blood flows through the heart
__________ veins form if valves in the
veins do not close tightly enough to
prevent backflow of blood
Cardiovascular System
Problems
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______________ is a condition in
which the ability of the blood to carry
oxygen is reduced
– The most common cause of anemia is
________ deficiency
Cardiovascular System
Problems
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____________ is a form of cancer in
which any one of the different types of
white blood cells is produces
excessively and abnormally
___________ is an inherited disorder
in which the blood does not clot
properly
Lymphatic system
problems
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__________________occur when the
immune system can no longer protect
against infection
____________ disease is a type of
cancer that affects the lymph tissue
______________ is an infection of the
tonsils & can be common in children
The Respiratory System
Lesson 3
Functions of the
respiratory system
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_________________ is the exchange
of gases between the body and the
environment
Structure of the
Respiratory System
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Lungs are the ________ organs of the
respiratory system & the site of the external
respiration
The _____________ is the muscle that
separates the chest from the abdominal
cavity
The structure of the lungs can be compared
to the structure of a ____________ tree
The breathing process
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The breathing process is made
possible by creating a pressure of
difference between the ________ and
______________________________
When your lungs expand the pressure
inside of them becomes ________
than the pressure outside your body
Other Respiratory
Structures
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_________ – or throat
_________ - or windpipe
_________ – the airways that connect
the trachea and the lungs
The larynx & epiglottis
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Neither of these are directly associated with
the _____________ system but have
important functions
____________ or voice box connects the
throat to the trachea
The _______________ is a flap of cartilage
located above the larynx, it closes off the
passageway to the larynx & trachea when
you swallow
Care & Problems of the
Respiratory System
Lesson 4
Health Behaviors & the
Respiratory System
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Your nasal passageway contains
________ & ________ that help to
prevent particles from entering your
body
However, your respiratory system is
still ___________
Asthma, Cancer can result from air
pollution being let into your body
Respiratory System
Problems
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______________ – is an inflammation
of the bronchi causes by infection or
exposure to irritants such as tobacco
smoke or air pollution
_______________ an inflammation of
the lungs commonly caused by a
bacterial or viral infection
Respiratory System
Problems
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_______________ an inflammation of
the lining of the lungs and chest cavity
____________ an inflammatory
condition in which the trachea,
bronchi, & bronchioles become
narrowed, causing difficulty in
breathing
Respiratory System
Problems
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____________ an inflammation of the
tissues that line the sinuses
_______________ is a contagious
bacterial infection that usually affects
the lungs
________________ is a disease that
progressively destroys the walls of the
alveoli