Transcript Coronary heart disease - Welcome to the BHBT Directory

coronary heart
disease
the heart and blood flow
From head
and arms
To right lung
From right lung
Aorta to all
parts of the
body
To left lung
From left lung
From legs
and feet
To legs and
feet
cardiovascular disease and
coronary heart disease

cardiovascular disease ( CVD, heart and
circulatory disease)


all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
(e.g stroke, congenital heart defects, valvular
heart disease, peripheral arterial disease)
coronary heart disease (CHD, ischaemic
heart disease)

disease of the coronary arteries due to
atherosclerosis
the coronary arteries
atherosclerosis
Atheroma
Artery wall
Blood within
the artery
Atheroma
(fatty deposits)
building up
Fat deposits develop,
restricting blood flow
through the artery
coronary artery with
atheroma
Coronary Artery
with atherosclerosis
Coronary Artery
Atheroma
atheroma
Atheroma (fatty layer)
Cross Section
Longitudinal Section
angina and heart attack

angina




narrowed coronary
artery
tightness or ache in
the chest,
breathlessness, sick
feeling, dizziness
comes on with
exertion or emotion
goes away with rest
- usually 2-10 mins

heart attack




due to sudden
blockage of the
coronary artery
chest pain “like a
band”, indigestion,
breathlessness,
sickness, looking pale
comes on at any time
doesn’t go away - if still
there in 15 minutes call
999
clarifying some terms

Heart failure


Heart attack (myocardial infarction)


a coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a
blood clot
Cardiac arrest


the pumping action of the heart is less
efficient, possibly caused by raised blood
pressure, heart attack, or valve defect
the heart stops beating when it quivers or
fibrillates causing the person to collapse
Stroke

an artery leading to the brain is suddenly
blocked with a blood clot or a bleed
main risk factors for
coronary heart disease
smoking
 inactivity
 obesity and overweight
 high blood pressure
 raised blood cholesterol
 diabetes
 family history of coronary heart disease
 excessive alcohol intake

smoking

Smoking aggravates the
lining of the arteries and
speeds up the process of
atherosclerosis
carbon monoxide

Takes the place of
oxygen in the blood
nicotine

Raises heart rate and
blood pressure
transiently
physical inactivity

30 minutes a day at least 5 days a week
which can be split into 15 minute periods

regular, moderate intensity activity

brisk walking, swimming, cycling, dancing,
skipping, tennis, etc.

enough to feel warm & slightly short of
breath, but still able to hold a conversation
obesity

caused by excessive calorie
intake, and inactivity

can lead to high blood
pressure, raised blood
cholesterol levels, and
diabetes

increases your risk of coronary
heart disease and heart failure
high blood pressure
the force of blood in the
arteries is over
140/85mmHg
can be lowered with
more activity, weight
loss, cutting salt and
alcohol
high blood cholesterol levels

cholesterol is a fatty substance needed for
body cells

it is carried on proteins called low-density or
high density lipoproteins (LDLs or HDLs)

saturated fats can increase levels – and
sometimes people have inherited raised
cholesterol levels
diabetes
inability of the pancreas to produce
enough insulin to control blood sugar
levels
 uncontrolled blood sugar encourages
the build up of fatty deposits within the
arterial walls
 around 1.3 million people have
diabetes in the UK. This may reach 2
million people by 2010

hormone replacement
therapy



oestrogen in the body may improve
cholesterol levels and may make the artery
more elastic
however, hormone replacement therapy has
not shown significant protection against
coronary heart disease
present evidence suggests that HRT should
not be prescribed solely to reduce the risk
of coronary heart disease