Transcript Math Voc. P-Sp

partial-differences
method
1. Subtract 100’s: 900-300
2. Subtract 10’s: 30-50
3. Subtract 1’s: 2-4
4. Add the partial differences
932
-356
600
-20
-4
576
(600-20-4, done mentally)
A way to subtract in which
differences are computed
separately for each place (ones,
tens, hundreds, and so on). The
partial differences are then added
to give the final answer.
partial-sums
algorithm
2
+ 4
6
1
+
6 8
8 3
0 0
4 0
1 1
7 5 1
1. Add 100’s
2. Add 10’s
3. Add 1’s
Add partial sum
An addition procedure in
with sums are computed for
each lace separately and
then added to find the sum.
pattern
?
100, 90, 80, ?
?
2, 4, 6, ?
5,10,15,20,?
A model or plan in which
objects or numbers can
be arranged so that what
comes next can be
predicted.
Pattern-Block
Template
A plastic sheet with
geometric shapes cut out.
pentagon
A 5-sided
polygon.
per
Five chairs
per row
In each or for
each.
per-unit rate
Two dollars per gallon
12 miles per hour
4 words per minute
A rate that tells the
quantity of items with a
given unit for each item
of a different unit.
percent (%)
100%=
1 or 0.01
100
1 one-hundredth
15%=
15
or 0.15
100
Per hundred, or
out of a hundred.
perfect number
6 is a perfect number
because when you add
its proper factors
the answer is equal to 6:
1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
A number in which the
sum of all its proper
factors is equal to the
number itself.
perimeter
2cm
3cm
1+1+1+1=4
3cm
1cm
2+3+1+3=9cm
The distance around a
two-dimensional
closed plane figure or
region.
perpendicular
line segments
Two rays, lines
segments that form
right angles are said to
be perpendicular to
each other.
pi
=C/D
The ration of the
circumference of a
circle to its diameter.
pictograph
A graph made
with pictures
or symbols.
pie graph
A graph that uses a circle
divided into parts to show
the parts of a set of data.
The circle represents the
whole set of data.
pint
=
Standard
measurement used to
measure capacity
equal to 2 cups.
place value
745,309,281
The worth of each
digit in a number,
with is determined
by its position.
plane
A flat surface
that extends
forever.
point
Points are
usually labeled
with capital
letters.
R
W
K
L
An exact
location in
space.
point
symmetry
The property of a figure
that can be rotated 180o
about a point in such a way
that the resulting figure
exactly matches the original
figured.
polygon
A closed plane figure
formed by three or
more line segments
that meet only at their
end points.
polyhedron
A closed 3-dimensional
shape, all of whose
surfaces (faces) are
flat.
polyhedra
dice
A three-dimensional
solid with varying
numbers of faces.
poster
A page showing a collection
of numerical data used in
number stories.
positive rational
numbers
Numbers great than 0
that can be written as a
fraction or a termination
or repeating decimal.
pound (lb)
one pound
Standard unit
of weight.
power
5 x 5 x 5 (or 125) is called
5 to the third power,
or the third power of 5,
because 5 is a factor
three times. 5 x 5 x 5
3
can also be written as 5.
A product of factors
that are all the same.
powers of ten
100 is equal to
10 x 10 or 10 2
(exponential notation).
100 is called ten squared,
the second power of 10,
or 10 to the second power.
Written exponential
notation, the exponent
shows how many times 10
is a factor.
probability
The teacher puts 7 blue
squares and 2 red squares in
the box.
If you pull a square out of
the box.
What will probably be the
color?
Can you pull out a purple
square?
A number from 0 to 1
that shows the likelihood
that an event will
happen.
probability
A number from 0 to 1
that indicated the
likelihood that something
(an event) will happen.
product
5
X 3
1 5
multiplicand
multiplier
product
The result of
doing
multiplication.
prime
factorization
The prime factorization
of 24 is
2 * 2 * 2 * 3
3
or 2 * 3
A number expressed
as a product of prime
factors.
prime number
A whole number greater than 1
that has exactly two wholenumber factors, 1 and itself.
A prime number is only divisible
by 1 and itself.
prism
A polyhedron with two
parallel flat faces
(bases) with the same
size and shape.
product
The result of
doing
multiplication.
proper
factor
The factors for the
number 10 are
1, 2, 5 and 10.
The proper factors
are 1, 2, and 5.
All the factors of
a number except
the number itself.
property
size
color
shape
attributes
number of parts
A feature of
an object.
protractor
A device for
measuring or
drawing angles.
pyramid
A polyhedron
(3-dimensional shape) in
which one face (base) is a
polygon and the other
faces are triangles with a
common vertex (apex).
Pythagorean
Theorem
The following famous
theorem: If the legs of a
right triangle have the
lengths a and b, and the
hypotenuse has length c,
2
2
then a + b =c 2
quadrangle
A 4-sided
polygon.
quadrilateral
A 4-sided
polygon.
quadruple
Four times
an amount.
quadrillion
Quadrillion written in
number form is
1,000,000,000,000,000
or in exponential form
15
10
A digit(s) followed
by 15 wholenumber places.
quintillion
Quintillion written in
number form is
1,000,000,000,000,000,000
or in exponential form
18
10
A digit(s) followed
by 18 whole
number places.
quotient
The result after
dividing one number by
another number; the
number of equal
shares.
radius
A line segment from the
center of a circle (or
shape) to any point on the
circle (or shape); also,
the length of such a line
segment.
random
sampling
Taking a sampling from the
population in a manner that
allows all members the same
chance of being included.
range
3 14 10
450
-75
375
range
The difference between
the greatest and least
numbers in a set of
data.
rate
A speed such as
55 miles per hour
compares distance
with time.
A comparison of two
quantities with unlike
units.
ratio
A comparison of two quantities
with like units. Ratios can be
expressed with fractions,
decimals, percent, or words; or
written with a colon between
the two numbers being
compared.
ray
A straight path that
extends infinitely
from a point called its
endpoint.
real number
Any rational or
irrational number.
reciprocal
Multiplicative
inverses.
rational
number
Any number that can be
a
represented in form ,
b
where a and b are
integers and b is not 0.
rectangle
A parallelogram
whose angles are
all right angles.
rectangular
method
A method for finding area, in
which rectangles are used to
surround a figure or parts of a
figure. All the area is
calculated in either area of
rectangles or of triangular
halves of rectangular regions.
rectangular
prism
A prism whose
bases are
rectangles.
rectangular
pyramid
A pyramid whose
base is a
rectangle.
reference
frame
number lines
time lines calendars
thermometers maps
coordinate systems
A system of numbers,
letter, or words to show
quantities with reference
to a zero point.
reflection
"Flipping" a picture or
object so that its image
is the mirror opposite of
the original (preimage).
reflex
angle
angle whose measure
is between 180° and
360°.
reflection
symbol
= for equal to
= for is not equal to
< for less than
> for greater than
< for is less than or equal to
> for greater than or equal to
A symbol used to express
the association between
two quantities.
regular
polygon
A convex polygon in which all
the sides are the same
length and all the angles
have the same measure.
regular
polygon
A polygon whose
sides are all
the same.
regular
polyhedron
A polyhedron with all
faces the same shape and
same size. There are five
regular polyhedrons.
regular
polyhedron
A polyhedron whose faces
are all congruent regular
polygons and with the same
number of faces meeting
at every vertex.
relation
symbol
>< =
A symbol used to
express a
relationship between
two quantities.
remainder
remainder
The amount left
over when things are
divided into equal
shares.
repeating
decimal
.333…
1
= .30
3
Decimals that
continue a pattern
without end.
rhombus
A parallelogram with
sides that are all
the same length.
right angle
90 o
A square
o
corner; a 90
angle.
right
triangle
A triangle
that has a
right angle.
rotation
A turn around a
center point or
axis.
rote
counting
Reciting numbers
in order from
memory.
rotation
symmetry
Property of a figure that can be
rotated around a point in such a way
that the resulting figure exactly
matches the original figure. The
rotation must be more than 0
degrees, but less than 360 degrees.
round
about 20 units
about 10C
about 2 lb
To express a number
in a simplified way.
rounding
about 20 units
about 10C
about 2 lb
Replacing a number with a
nearby number that is easier to
work with or better reflects
the precision of the date.
round
Circle shape.
row
A horizontal
arrangement of
objects or numbers in
an array or table.
rule table
in
2
4
?
12
100
out
5
7
9
?
103
A table for
displaying the input
output and the role
for a function.
sample
A subset of a
population used to
represent the whole
population.
scale
The ratio of the
distance on a map,
globe, or drawing to
the actual distance.
scale drawing
An accurate picture
of an object in which
all parts are drawn to
the same scale.
scale factor
A number that names "how
many times as many?" or
"what fraction of?" one
quantity is of another
quantity.
scalene triangle
A triangle in which
no sides are the
same length.
scientific
notation
4,000,000 in scientific notation
is 4 x 10 6
0.00001 in scientific notation
-6
is 1 x 10
A system for representing
numbers in which a number is
written as the product of a
power of 10 and a number that
is at least 1 but less than 10.
Scientific notation allows
writing big and small numbers
with only a few symbols.
scroll
A roll of paper with
words and/or pictures
written on it.
set
( 23, 44, 56, 88 )
A collection or group
of objects, numbers
or other items.
sector
A region bound by
an arc and two radii
of a circle.
semicircle
Half of a circle; either of
two parts of a circle
between (and including) the
endpoints of a diameter.
Sieve of
Eratosthenes
A method credited to the
mathematician Eratosthenes
(about 200 B.C.) for
identifying prime numbers.
significant
figure
In a count or
measurement, digits that
reflect the precision of
the result.
similar
figures
Figures that have the
same shape but are not
necessarily the same
size.
simplest
form
A fraction in which the
numerator and the dominator
have no common factor except 1
and the numerator is less than
the denominator.
simplify an
expression
7y + 4 +5 + 3y
10y + 9
3(2y + 5) – y
5y + 15
To rewrite the expression
by removing parentheses
and combining like terms.
skip
counting
Counting by a specified
added amount from a
specified starting
number.
side
Any line segment
that makes up a
polygon.
slate
Lap board
used to write
on.
speed
A rate that compares
distance traveled with
the time taken to
travel that distance.
sphere
A 3-dimensional shape
whose curved surface
is a given distance
from its center point.
sphere
The set of all points in
space that are a given
distance (the radius of the
sphere) from a given point
(center of the sphere).