Transcript Document

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Sponge: Set up Cornell
Notes on pg. 11
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
The topic or heading will
always be at the top of the
Powerpoint. Include the #
Ex: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and
Molecules
Essential Question:
Define atom, and identify
its main parts and their
functions
Don’t forget to add it to
your T.O.Contents!
Define atom, and identify its main
parts and their functions
Key Concept: All living things
are based on atoms and their
interactions
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
KEY CONCEPT
All living things are based on atoms and their
interactions.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An atom is the smallest basic unit of
matter.
Please draw and label an
atom on pg. 10 (don’t take
up the whole page!)
energy
level
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Fun Fact
• It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion)
years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of
sand
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all
atoms share the same basic structure…
• Protons- in the nucleus.
Positively charged (+)
• Neutrons-in the nucleus.
Neutrally charged (no
charge)
• Electrons-much smaller
particles on the outside of
the nucleus on the energy
level. Negatively charged (-)
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Energy levels: electrons are located here. Inner levels only
have 2 electrons, other levels hold up to 8.
Oxygen atom (O)
outermost energy level:
6 electrons (-)
Nucleus:
8 protons (+)
8 neutrons
Energy Levels
inner energy level:
2 electrons (-)
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
What can you notice about these elements’ proton
numbers and electron numbers?
Iron
26 P
26 E
30 N
Tin
50 P
50 E
69 N
Gold
79 P
79 E
118 N
Proton # = Electron # !!!!
P
Aluminum 13
13 E
14 N
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
*Atoms have equal numbers of positively charged
protons and negatively charged electrons so they are...
electrically neutral!!!!
+5 + (-5) = ???
+5 + (-5) = 0
Gold
79 P
79 E
118 N
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An element is one or more atoms of the same type.
– It cannot be broken down into a simpler substances
– Ex: Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron…
gold
aluminum
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons
they have. The proton # never varies.
Iron
26 P
26 E
30 N
Tin
13 P
Aluminum 13 E
14 N
50 P
50 E
69 N
Gold
79 P
79 E
118 N
Ex: Gold has 79 protons no
matter what
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent
bonds.
covalent
covalent
Hydrogen
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• A compound is made of 2 or more different elements
bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
– water (H2O)
_
– -carbon dioxide
(CO2) O
H
+
H
+
O
C
O
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• All compounds are molecules
• NOT all molecules are compounds
– Ex: O2
O
O
* Remember compounds are composed of 2 different elements
Atoms
Positive charge
Proton
Nucleus:
most mass
of atom
Atom:
smallest basic
unit of matter
Neutron
# identifies element
No electrical charge
About same size as proton
Is surrounded by
Negative charge
Cloud: most
volume of
atom
Electrons
Energy Levels
# equals # of protons
Forms chemical bonds
Inner level only 2 Protons
Other levels up to 8 Protons
Tries to fill outer level
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
HOMEWORK
On pg. 10 please create a double
bubble map comparing and contrasting
compounds and molecules.
Compounds
molecules
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Double-bubble map comparing and
contrasting compounds and molecules
Involve
two or
more
different
elements
Both
involve
bonding
atoms
Compounds
molecules
Atoms
in both
Atoms held
together by
covalent bonds
molecules
Not all molecules are
compounds
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Sponge: Set up Cornell
Notes on pg. 13
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
The topic or heading will
always be at the top of the
Powerpoint. Include the #
Ex: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and
Molecules
Essential Question:
How do ions form?
Compare Ionic and
Covalent bonding.
Don’t forget to add it to
your T.O.Contents!
How do Ions form? Compare Ionic
and covalent bonding.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Q: Because all atoms are made of the same
types of particles (protons, neutrons, and
electrons), what difference among atoms makes
one element different from other elements?
Aluminum
Iron
Tin
A: Atoms of different elements differ in the
number of protons they have.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds
and covalent bonds is important because
ions play large roles in organisms.
• They are important in all biological processes. A few
examples are:
• They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape
• Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for
metabolism (the process of turning food into energy)
• Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle
movement in your body
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more
electrons (-)
+
11 p
11 P (+)
10 E (-)
17 p
17 P (+)
18 E (-)
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Positive Ions: If an atom has few electrons in its outer
energy levels it tends to lose those electrons and
become a POSITIVELY charged ion
Negative Ions: If an atom has a nearly full outer energy
level it tends to gain electrons and become a
NEGATIVELY charged ion
Energy
level
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
*An ion forms because an atom is more stable
when its outermost energy level is full.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
*An ion forms because an atom is more stable
when its outermost energy level is full.
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
• Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions.
Dissolve in H2O.
“Opposites Attract!!!!”
Now we have salt!!!!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
covalent bonds
• Share electrons in outer energy level
• Can have multiple bonds
• Strong bonds
covalent
covalent
H2O
Aka
Water!
Hydrogen
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
CLASSWORK
On pg. 13 create a double bubble
map comparing and contrasting ionic
bonds and covalent bonds.
Ionic Bonds
Covalent
Bonds
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Double bubble map comparing and
contrasting ionic bonds and covalent
bonds
Bonds ions
Form
between
oppositely
charged
ions
Dissolve in H2O
bonding
Share electrons
Covalent
Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Bond
atoms
Strong Bond
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Turn to pg. 12 of
your I.N.B
Under the picture of
the positive and
negative ionPlease title it
“Science Matters”
“Science Matters”
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
“Science Matters”
• Draw the atoms that are described below. Remember
what you have learned about where each one of the
particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons,
black for neutrons, and blue for electrons.
•
•
•
•
1. Nitrogen:
Protons: 7
Neutrons: 7
Electrons: 7
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
“Science Matters”
• Draw the atoms that are described below. Remember
what you have learned about where each one of the
particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons,
black for neutrons, and blue for electrons.
•
•
•
•
1. Nitrogen:
Protons: 7
Neutrons: 7
Electrons: 7
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Classwork
• Complete “Science Matters” worksheet
– 3 Atom pictures
– 10 multiple choice questions
· Write the ? and the answer
• When you are done you are to work on your
summaries for 2.1 (you need 2) and
complete any unfinished double-bubble
maps
• Questions (4-6)
• Table of Contents complete