Transcript Document

Diethard E. C. Moehr, I&S CTF EMC
EMC Testing for Emission and Immunity
Industrial Solutions and Services
Your Success is Our Goal
Measurement procedure according to CISPR
16, Part 1 (VDE 0877 Part 1 and 2)
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
 Measurement procedure for conducted emission on power
lines and on data and signal lines:
 Measurement procedure for radiated emission:
 electrical field
 VDE 0877, Part 2 (CISPR 16 - 1)
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 VDE 0877, Part 1 (CISPR 16 - 1)
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Common Technical Functions
Measuring Standards on EMC
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Emission
Immunity
The measuring standards for immunity are phenomena related.
This means that different immunity phenomena have to be tested
independent of the product group.
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The measuring standards for emission are product related.
This means that there are standards designated to special
products or product groups.
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Common Technical Functions
Measuring equipment needed for emission
measurements
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Conducted emission
10 kHz - 30 MHz
 LISNs
 Measuring receivers with Average and CISPR detectors
 Auxiliary measuring equipment
Radiated emission
30 MHz - 1 GHz
 OATS with field attenuation according to CISPR 16 and
VDE 0877, Part 2
 Measuring receivers with Average and CISPR detectors
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 Auxiliary measuring equipment
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 Screened Rooms
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Measuring procedure for radiated emission
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
 Measuring distance: 10 meters
 OATS according to CISPR 16 and VDE 0877 Part 2
 EUT emission maximum has to be recorded
 360 ° turning of the turntable
 Altitude variation of the receiving antenna 1 - 4 meter
 Horizontal & vertical polarization
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 Install the EUT like in reality
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 No ambient noise
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Common Technical Functions
Measuring procedure for radiated emission
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
OATS
Receiving antenna
EUT
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Tripod & antenna mast
Turntable
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Measuring receiver
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Common Technical Functions
Measuring procedure for conducted emission
- Part 1
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Measure in cm
DIN VDE 0877, Part 1
metal sheet 2 m x 2 m
2
EUT
3
bundled cable
4
LISN
5
shielded interconnection cable
6
measuring receiver
B earthing point
M connection to measuring receiver
P connection EUT
Common Technical Functions
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Measuring set up for an EUT supplied by
public mains
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1
Measuring procedure for conducted emission
- Part 2
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Measure in cm
DIN VDE 0877, Part 2
1 metal sheet 2 m x 2 m
3 power supply cable
4 separate connection cable
5 LISN
6 touchable metal surface of the EUT
A connection power supply
B connection earthing point
P connection EUT
H connection artificial hand
M connection measuring receiver
D metal foils
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ground separate from power supply
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EUT with artificial hand
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2 EUT
Measuring procedure for conducted emission
- Part 3
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Measure in cm
DIN VDE 0877, Part 3
1 metal sheet 2 m x 2 m
3 power supply
4 communication cable
5 V- LISN
6
- LISN
7 measuring receiver
B earthing point
M connection to measuring
receiver
Measuring set up for an EUT with different
supply cables
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P connection EUT
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2 EUT (Fax machine)
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Common Technical Functions
Immunity phenomena
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
ESD
 Triboelectric effect
RFI
 Radio & TV stations
 Walkie talkies
 Mobile phones and others
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 Wireless communication
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 Rubbing or heating up of non conductive materials
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Immunity phenomena
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
BURST
COND. IMMUNITY
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 Coupling of sinusoidal disturbances into cables
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 All electrical switches
 Contactors
 Fluorescent lights and other gas discharge devices
SURGE
 Lighting
 Switching of large Loads
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Measuring equipment needed
for immunity tests
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
ESD Simulator
RFI
Transmitting antennas, generators, power amplifiers,
anechoic chambers, field sensors and other auxillary
equipment
BURST
BURST simulator and coupling clamps and devices
SURGE
SURGE simulator and coupling clamps and devices
CONDUCTED
IMMUNITY
Generators, coupling / decoupling networks (CDNs)
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For all immunity tests it is at least
recommended to use shielded rooms.
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ESD
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Immunity test procedures
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
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Electrostatic discharge
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The Triboelectric Effect
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
 The reason for the discharge of static
+
electricity is the Triboelectric Effect.
 Non conductive material have the
tendency to build up static electricity if
they are rubbed against each other or
if they are heated up.
Common Technical Functions
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-
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Air
Artificial resin
Glass
Nylon
Hair
Silk
Cotton
Wood, Paper
Amber
Polyurethane
Polyethylene
Rubber
PVC
Silicon
Teflon
The Triboelectric Effect-2
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
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Common Technical Functions
Typical output current waveshape
of a human body discharge
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
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Typical output current waveshape
of the ESD simulator
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
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Common Technical Functions
Test Waveforms in IEC Standards -- Time
Waveforms
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Test impulse as per
IEC 61000-4-2
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Test impulse as per the old
IEC 801-2
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Common Technical Functions
Test Waveforms in IEC Standards -- Frequency
Spectra
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Frequency spectrum as
per IEC 61000-4-2
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Frequency spectrum as
per IEC 801-2
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Circuit diagram of the ESD simulator
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
discharge
tip
150 pF
(vacuum relay)
 10 pF
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discharge
switch
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Measuring set up for verification of the ESD
pulse (direct contact of the discharge tip)
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Discharge
Resistor
ESD-Simulator
50 R
Wall of the shielded room
N-Connector
50 cm SUHNER
RG 214 U
2R
Earth cable
Tektronix 11402
power
supply
-20dB
BNC
50 R
BNC
Connector
Printer
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Shielded room
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Common Technical Functions
Immunity test procedures
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
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07.2003
Immunity against radiated fields
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Common Technical Functions
Setup for radiated field testing
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
anechoic chamber
wooden table
0,8 meters high
area of uniform field
transmitting antenna
internal cable
length < 1 meter
feed throughs
floor absorbers
control room
ferrite or filters
for cable decoupling
measuring
instruments
feed throughs
amplifier room
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generator
amplifiers
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power supply
filter
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Common Technical Functions
Immunity test procedures
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
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07.2003
Low energy fast transients
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Common Technical Functions
Low energy fast transients
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Sources of Noise
Coupling mechanism
 Power lines
data lines
signal lines
communication lines
Receptors
 Electrical and electronic
devices of any kind
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Common Technical Functions
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Principle of source  coupling  receptors applied
to low energy fast transients (BURST).
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 Power switches vacuum
relays,
contactors, relays
and others
 protective devices
(fuses, gas discharges
and others)
 electrical motors with
brushes like in vacuum
cleaners, hair dryer and
motors in industrial
applications
Part 1
Low energy fast transients
Part 2
Test levels for BURST testing
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
BURST
output voltage of the test simulator +/- %
Power lines
Data & signal lines
1
0,5 kV
0,25 kV
2
1,0 kV
0,5 kV
3
2,0 kV
1,0 kV
4
4,0 kV
2,0 kV
X
Special requirement as agreed
by manufacturer and user.
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Test level
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Common Technical Functions
Low energy fast transients
Part 3
Principle of the BURST generator
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Gas Discharge
RM
CD
U
CS
RS
U
voltage source
R L charging resistor
C S charging capacitance
RS
RM
matching resistor
decoupling capacitance
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CD
pulse forming resistor
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50 Ohm
coaxial output
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Common Technical Functions
Low energy fast transients
BURST impulse package
Part 4
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
VO
Pulse repetition rate 5 kHz
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t/msec
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Common Technical Functions
Low energy fast transients
Single BURST pulse
Part 5
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
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5 nsec +/- 30 %
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50 nsec +/- 30 %
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Common Technical Functions
Immunity test procedures
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
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High energy transients
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Common Technical Functions
SURGE testing
Part 1
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
high voltage source
RC
charging resistor
CC
charging capacitance
R S1 - S2
pulse forming resistor
Lr
matching resistor
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inductance to adjust the rise
time of the pulse
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Rm
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Circuit diagram of the generator (combination
wave generator)
U
SURGE testing
Part 2
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Time of 50 % amplitude:
T 2 = 50 µsec ± 20 %
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Rise time: T 1 = 1,67 x T = 1,2 µsec ± 30 %
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Pulse shape of open circuit voltage according to IEC 60060-1
SURGE testing
Part 3
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Time of 50 % amplitude:
T 2 = 20 µsec ± 20 %
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Pulse shape of the short circuit current according to IEC 60060-1
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Rise time: T 1 = 1,25 x T = 8 µsec ± 20 %
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Common Technical Functions
SURGE testing
Part 4
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Time of 50 % amplitude:
T 2 = 700 µsec ± 20 %
Common Technical Functions
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07.2003
Pulse shape of the open circuit voltage according to CCITT
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Rise time: T 1 = 1,67 x T = 10 µsec ± 30 %
SURGE testing
Part 5
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
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07.2003
Coupling network for SURGE pulses for a. c. and d. c. mains
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Common Technical Functions
SURGE testing
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
Part 6
Open circuit voltage of
the simulator + 10 %
1
0,5 kV
2
1,0 kV
3
2,0 kV
4
4,0 kV
X
Special
Recommended test levels according to IEC 61000-4-5
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Test level
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Common Technical Functions
Comparison of ESD, BURST
and SURGE tests
EMC Testing for
Emission and
Immunity
feature
Lightning
"ESD"
"BURST"
"SURGE"
Voltage
up to
up to
up to
Energy
less than 10 mJ
approx. 300 mJ
approx. 300 mJ
Repetition
rate
Single pulses up to
20 pulses per
second.
Application,
EUTs,
Test po ints
Metal parts of the
EUT to uchable by
humans and metal
parts in the vicinity o f
the EUT.
Power, data and
signal lines.
Power, data and
signal lines.
Basic
Standard
IECÊ61000-4-2
IECÊ61000-4-4
IECÊ61000-4-5
Pulse frequency 5k Hz 6 pulses in maximum
per minute.
for 15 msec every 3 00
msec.
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Switching events
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Electrostat ic
Discharge
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Common Technical Functions
Contact:
Diethard Moehr
I&S CTF EMC
Schuhstraße 60
D-91052 Erlangen
Phone:
Thank you very much for your attention.
Industrial Solutions and Services
Your Success is Our Goal
Mail:
+49 (9131) 7-27210
[email protected]