Transcript Sentence - MrsARennie

III - Vocabulary List 2
Abdicate – v - to renounce or relinquish a throne, right, power,
claim, responsibility, or the like, especially in a formal manner
2. Bigot – n - a person who is obstinately or intolerantly devoted to
his or her own opinions and prejudices
3. Candid – adj - free from reservation, disguise, or subterfuge;
straightforward
4. Desolate – adj - deprived or destitute of inhabitants; deserted;
uninhabited
5. Ebullient – adj - overflowing with fervor, enthusiasm, or
excitement; high-spirited
6. Flaccid - adj - soft and limp; not firm; flabby
7. Gibe – v - To make taunting, heckling, or jeering remarks; to jibe
8. Harangue – v - a scolding with a long or intense verbal attack;
diatribe
9. Incongruous – adj - Lacking in harmony; incompatible:Not in
agreement
10. Jaded – adj - made dull, apathetic, or cynical by experience;
worn out, wearied
1.
- A sentence tells
a complete idea.
- A fragment (nonsentence) tells an
incomplete idea.
Read each of the following
statements and decide which
is a complete sentence.
Sharks are fierce hunters.
Sentence
Fragment
Afraid of sharks.
Sentence
Fragment
The great white shark will attack
people.
Sentence
Fragment
Other kinds will not.
Sentence
Fragment
Sharks have an outer row of teeth
for grabbing.
Sentence
Fragment
When the outer teeth fall out,
another row of teeth moves up.
Sentence
Fragment
Help keep the ocean clean by
eating dead animals.
That’s good to know!
Sentence
Fragment
Not a single bone in his body.
Sentence
Fragment
Cartilage of sharks.
Sentence
Fragment
Made of the same material as the
tip of your nose.
Sentence
Fragment
Unlike other fish, sharks cannot
float.
Sentence
Fragment
In motion constantly.
Sentence
Fragment
Even when sleeping.
Sentence
Fragment
Clause
 Group of words containing a subject and a verb
Independent
2. Dependent
1.
Independent Clause
“main clause”
 A group of words made up of a subject and predicate
 Simple sentence
 Can stand alone as a sentence
 Ex. Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his English quiz.
Dependent Clause
“subordinate clause”
 Contains a subject and verb but does not express
a complete thought
 Cannot stand alone as a sentence
 Must be attached to an independent clause
 Ex: When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his
English quiz
Grammar Practice
 Write 2 SENTENCES.
 Reminder: These are COMPLETE thoughts
independent (main) clauses
 Write 2 dependent clauses.

 contains a subject & verb
 You have 5 minutes 
…and how to tame it.
Run-on Sentence
 Has at least 2 parts
 Either part can stand alone
 2 independent clauses improperly combined
 The sun is high, put on some sunscreen.
How to Combine a Run-on
 Comma + coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)
 The sun is high, so put on sunscreen.







F
A
N
B
O
Y
S
FANBOYS Practice
 Correctly combine 2+ independent clauses using 3
different FANBOYS.
 You have 8 minutes 
Ok, so what does a semi-colon do?
 Links 2 independent clauses (2 complete thoughts)
with no additional words
Examples
1.
I am going home; I intend to stay there.
2. It rained heavily during the afternoon; we managed
to have our picnic anyway.
3. They couldn't make it to the summit and back
before dark; they decided to camp for the night.
What else can it do?
 join 2 independent clauses together with a
conjunctive adverb (adverbs that join
independent clauses):
 however
 moreover
 therefore
 consequently
 otherwise
 nevertheless
 thus
More Examples
1.
I am going home; moreover, I intend to stay
there.
2. It rained heavily during the afternoon;
however, we managed to have our picnic
anyway.
3. They couldn't make it to the summit and back
before dark; therefore, they decided to camp
for the night.
Correct or Incorrect?
1. I felt sleepy after school; I took a nap on the couch.
2. The prom is next month; but I don’t have a date yet.
3. I love pizza; wings; chocolate; and burgers.
4. Washington Irving is a Romantic author; however,
Nathaniel Hawthorne is a Dark Romantic.
5. I failed English; consequently, my parents grounded
me.
Semi-Colon Practice
 Write 3 sentences correctly combining 2+ independent
clauses with a semi-colon and NO additional words.
 Write 3 sentences correctly combining 2+ independent
clauses using a conjunctive adverb.
You have 11 minutes 
Semi-colon Formulas
 main clause + ; + conjunctive adverb + , + main clause.
 I love dogs; however, I like cats too.
 main clause + ; + main clause.
 I love my cat; his name is Jack.
Common Conjunctive Adverbs
 accordingly
also
besides
consequently
conversely
finally
furthermore
hence however
indeed
instead
likewise
 meanwhile
moreover
nevertheless
next nonetheless
otherwise
similarly
still
subsequently
then
therefore
thus
NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH
Coordinating Conjunctions
 Main clause + , + FANBOYS + main clause.
 I love my dog, and I love my cat.
 For
 And
 Nor
 But
 Or
 Yet
 So
Corrections
Correct each of the following sentences 3x.
- Using JUST a semi-colon
- Using the semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, comma
construction
- Using a comma and FANBOYS
1.
I am sleepy I want to take a nap.
2. My dog ran away I cried myself to sleep.
3. This weekend is Halloween my costume is awesome.
Types of Sentences
Types of Sentences
Simple
2. Complex
3. Compound
4. Compound-complex
1.
Simple
 Has 1 independent (stand alone) clause
 Ex. David Letterman and Jay Leno host talk shows.
Compound
 Consists of 2+ independent clauses.
 The independent clauses can be joined with
 , + A coordinating conjunction:

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)
 A semicolon (;)
 Ex. Amir is a coward, but Hassan is brave.
Complex
 Contains 1 independent clause and 1+ dependent clause
 Ideas are linked by subordinating conjunctions
 after, how, until, although, if, unless, as, in order, that, when as long
as, whenever, as much as, now, where, as soon as, wherever, though,
since, while, before, even, though, because
 Ex. Although I love the mountains, I prefer the beach.
Compound-Complex
 Has 2+ independent clauses and 1+ dependent
clauses
Ex. When the heat comes, the lakes dry up, and
farmers know the crops will fail.
I planned to drive to work, but I couldn't until
the mechanic repaired my car.
Grammar Practice
 Write 8 sentences:
 2 simple
 2 compound
 2 complex
 2 compound-complex
You have 12 minutes 
Structure
Four sentence types
 Declarative: makes a statement, ends with a period.
 English is fascinating.
 Imperative: makes a command, ends with a period.
 Go study for your vocabulary quiz.
 Exclamatory: expresses a strong feeling and is followed
with an exclamation point!
 I’m failing English!
 Interrogative: asks a question and ends with a question
mark?
 Will you help me with my English homework?
Sentence Type Practice
Write a declarative, imperative,
interrogative, and exclamatory
sentence about The Kite Runner.
 Bonus: use vocabulary words in the
sentences!
Sentence Type Review
 Will Amir ever redeem himself?
 Hassan is a loyal boy.
 Leave us alone, agha.
 We won!
Length
Sentence Length Variety
Telegraphic: 5 or fewer words
Short: approximately 10 words
Medium: approximately 18 words
Long and Involved: 30 words or
more
Count Poe’s Sentences
I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole
week before I killed him. And every night, about
midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it-oh, so gently! And then, when I had made an opening
sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed,
closed, so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in
my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how
cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly--very, very
slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man's sleep. It
took me an hour to place my whole head within the
opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his
bed. Ha!--would a madman have been so wise as this?
From: “The Tell-Tale Heart”
Poe’s Sentence Variety
Telegraphic:
Short:
Medium:
Long and Involved:
**Longer sentences provide better description.
Show, Don’t Tell!!****
J.K. Rowling Excerpt
Nearly ten years had passed since the Dursleys had woken up to
find their nephew on the front step, but Privet Drive had hardly
changed at all. The sun rose on the same tidy front gardens and lit
up the brass number four on the Dursleys' front door; it crept into
their living room, which was almost exactly the same as it had been
on the night when Mr. Dursley had seen that fateful news report
about the owls. Only the photographs on the mantelpiece really
showed how much time had passed. Ten years ago, there had been
lots of pictures of what looked like a large pink beach ball wearing
different-colored bonnets--but Dudley Dursley was no longer a
baby, and now the photographs showed a large blond boy riding his
first bicycle, on a carousel at the fair, playing a computer game with
his father, being hugged and kissed by his mother. The room held
no sign at all that another boy lived in the house, too.
From: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone
Rowling’s Sentence Variety
Telegraphic:
Short:
Medium:
Long and Involved:
**Longer sentences provide better description.
Show, Don’t Tell!!****
Sentence Length Practice
 Write a Telegraphic, Short, Medium,
and Long & Involved Sentence about
Love & Sacrifice and what you have
learned in this unit.
 Bonus: incorporate vocabulary terms!
Variety
 You should have at least 3 different sentence lengths
in a body paragraph.
 Combine simple sentences to make compound or
complex sentences.
 Length helps maintain the reader’s interest.

Include some telegraphic, or short, sentences for
emphasis.
Grammar Review
 Write a compound-complex sentence
using at least two vocabulary words.
 Identify the clauses in each sentence,
then
 Identify all subjects and verbs
 Identify any prepositional and/or
verbal phrases.
Beginnings
Sentence Beginnings
 SUBJECT-VERB – I shot the sheriff.
 SUBORDINATE (DEPENDENT) CLAUSE - After I
won the Super Bowl, I went to Disney World.
 PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE - At the beginning of
time, there was a void.
Sentence Beginnings Review
1.
Screaming loudly, my mother grounded me.
2. After I worked out, I took a shower.
3. My mom baked cookies.
4. To hold the door for you is the least I could do.
5. In the woods, there are fairies.
6. Luckily, I remembered to study for the test.
More Sentence Beginnings
 INFINITIVE – To be a man must be the epitome of
existence.
 VERBAL – Spinning wildly, she flung herself off the
stage.
 ADVERB – Unfortunately, the opposite was true as
well.
Sentence Variety in Essays
 Underline the first five words of each sentence
in red.
 (Place parenthesis around simple sentences in
green.)
 Count the number of words in each sentence
and place the number in blue over the last
word of the sentence.
 Highlight any sentences that are exclamatory or
interrogative.
Subject- Verb
Subordinate
clause
Prepositional
phrase
Verbal
(Gerund or
Participle)
Infinitive
(to + verb)
Adverb
Variety
 You should have at least 3 types of sentence
beginnings in a body paragraph.
 Combine simple sentences to make compound or
complex sentences.
 Length helps maintain the reader’s interest.

Include some telegraphic, or short, sentences for
emphasis.
 When writing a speech include multiple
exclamatory and interrogative sentences; if not
writing a speech, keep them to a minimum.
Journal Entry #9
“All wars are civil wars, because all men are brothers. “
- Francois Fenelon
Write a 6-8 sentence paragraph.
 Define WAR in your own words.
 Try to create a 3-part definition (term, classification,
defining characteristics)
 Discuss a personal example (a war can represent an
internal struggle).
 Discuss a historical or cultural example.
 Discuss a fictional example from a book or film.